ashutov y25ashutov 20260424 157 148 2 95 86 icons8-reading-100.png quarterly test Prepare for quarterly test vocab pre teach functional language grammar focus smartphone or tablet device listening Download onto your phone or tablet and listen carefully. :!php ~/www/soosh/xml2mbz_overwrite_offline.php ~/www/moodle/public/sdata/inc_xml_mdl/course_log_ashutov_2026-1.xml :!php ~/www/moosh/moosh.php course-restore --overwrite ../mbz_bup_offline/course_log_ashutov_2026-1.xml_2mdl.mbz 157 :!php ~/www/soosh/xml2mbz_update_onl.php ~/www/moodle/public/sdata/inc_xml_mdl/course_log_ashutov_2026-1.xml ]]> sbook_plugins/wordlist_generated_from_xml_clog_sbook_for_sbook_session.inc sbook_plugins/payment_history_generated_from_xml_clog_sbook.inc Avito Andrey Shutov C1 20260427 10:15-11:15 MSK | 11:15-12:15 SAMT 1.5 2500 tbc What will happen to marketing in the age of AI? By the end of this session you will have studied What will happen to marketing in the age of AI? Generative AI is poised to transform the workplace, but we still need human brains for new ideas, says marketing expert Jessica Apotheker. She explores how marketers can find their niche in the world of AI based on their preference for data or creativity, offering a pragmatic and hopeful look at the future of business Watch the video → answer the questions https://www.ted.com/talks/jessica_apotheker_what_will_happen_to_marketing_in_the_age_of_ai?language=en zoom_meeting.png Zoom meeting details Profi.ru - D.Potter Zoom Meeting (recurring) Meeting ID: 765 1187 4648 Password: pFGjq3 https://us04web.zoom.us/j/76511874648?pwd=pqq81L5Zbdw6lT8hToYVMKUIJsisYn.1 ]]> Bottoms Up - BE B2 The AI revolution 108 1 What will happen to marketing in the age of AI? 20240508 hw20240515 active wip edit_ol_qa prep_ol_qa pix/icons8-movie-100_white.png How do you seize the productivity opportunity brought about by artificial intelligence? What will happen to marketing in the age of AI? Generative AI is poised to transform the workplace, but we still need human brains for new ideas, says marketing expert Jessica Apotheker. She explores how marketers can find their niche in the world of AI based on their preference for data or creativity, offering a pragmatic and hopeful look at the future of business https://www.ted.com/talks/jessica_apotheker_what_will_happen_to_marketing_in_the_age_of_ai?language=en → watch the video → answer the questions]]> Sample questions Can access to big data help tap into the emotional needs of consumers? Can brainstorming with a computer help come up with a perfect product or innovation to meet consumer needs? Can AI help generate a sales pitch to convince a prospect buyer at the point of sale? ]]> what_will_happen_to_marketing_in_the_age_of_ai_121579.mp4 Why and by how much could productivity increase in marketing thanks to AI [02:51]? ✓ marketing has traditionally been a right brain type of function → generative AI will bring about the next productivity revolution [01:19] e.g. the Boston Consulting Group conducted with Harvard a study ✓ ChatGPT (in 2023) already improves the right-brain performance of marketers by 40 percent [02:51] What will happen to marketers once AI can help them generate more? What risk may AI lead to in marketing? [03:58] ✓ more personalised contents & ideas 〆content overload [04:22] = feeling chased by contents What is the danger of relying on generative AI in marketing? [04:47] ✓ generative AI has been trained on existing content and data → reduces divergence of outcomes ≠ equalization of marketing is not a productive increase divergence = difference between conflicting facts or claims or opinions How can you solve the negative outcomes of generative AI? [05:02] ✓ need to develop a left AI brain → reskill & reorganize with left brain type human resources → build, use and diffuse predictive AI tools in the heart of decision-making = build solutions to predict outcomes ✓ identify and protect top right-brained talent left brain type = logical, analytical, orderly. The theory suggests that people who are left-brain dominant do well in careers that involve linear thinking, math, and verbal information. This includes careers such as accountant, scientist, or computer programmer right brain type = creative, emotional, intuitive. More likely imaginative and innovative thinkers, often drawn to fields where they can express themselves freely and help others What typical questions & answers generated by AI to distribute to marketers could be provided by teams of marketing data scientists & marketing data engineers? [05:38] ✓ what audience creative couples are really hitting it off ✓ what product is working with which consumer ✓ why or how is the marketing funnel evolving to hit it off = to be naturally friendly or well suited funnel = device that is wide at the top and narrow at the bottom, used for pouring liquids or powders into a small opening; in marketing: e.g. discovery, interest, appraisal, confirmation If you are successful with a given target generation, what are the risks when envisaging marketing for a new consumer segment? [07:18] ✓ brand could get trapped in current territory ... e.g. if a brand is strong with millennials 〆lack of data and content existing on millennials that will help you to be successful with Gen Z 〆conducting a market survey is more a left brain type of activity (= confirmation of a sales hypothesis) ✓ interpreting trends & decision making = more right brain type → need a combination of both types → don't rely only on AI for your market survey What 2 steps should marketers follow when making use of AI? [07:52] 1 identify who could provide most relevant data = recognise content partners ✓ think outside the box, beyond your eco-system → contact financial institutions, insurances (= already common practice to buy data from other service providers) e.g. a construction company decides to market to architects for the first time → find data on architects 〆construction companies (= direct competitors) 2 set up a federated model ✓ train algorithms = don't believe in the first answers → always rephrase What is the impact on creativity if all right brain tasks rely on generative AI? [08:51] 〆drop by 40% of collective divergent ideas 〆true innovation is being stifled to stifle /'staifəl/ = to prevent sth from happening; to prevent a feeling from being expressed How can you protect the identity of your brand and differentiation on the market? [09:25] ✓ identify true innovators e.g. those who usually disagree with you ✓ strategically reskill to use AI efficiently e.g.how to develop new prototypes fast & multiply their impact → protect & teach how to use AI = keep juices flowing → protect brand identity & differentiation in the market to keep juices flowing = to become inspired to greater creativity, productivity, or energy, or to cause such a feeling in someone What should marketers do to survive? [10:06] ✓ identify whether talents are left brain or right brain type ✓ specialise their skills → choose their brain 107 to seize = to take control of a place or situation, often suddenly and violently; to be quick to make use of a chance, an opportunity, etc divergence = difference between conflicting facts or claims or opinions left brain type = logical, analytical, orderly. The theory suggests that people who are left-brain dominant do well in careers that involve linear thinking, math, and verbal information. This includes careers such as accountant, scientist, or computer programmer right brain type = creative, emotional, intuitive. More likely imaginative and innovative thinkers, often drawn to fields where they can express themselves freely and help others funnel = device that is wide at the top and narrow at the bottom, used for pouring liquids or powders into a small opening; in marketing: e.g. discovery, interest, appraisal, confirmation to stifle /'staifəl/ = to prevent sth from happening; to prevent a feeling from being expressed to keep juices flowing = to become inspired to greater creativity, productivity, or energy, or to cause such a feeling in someone Bottoms Up - BE B2 The AI revolution 106 1 Will AGI make societies happier? active prep_ol_qa edit_ol_qa pix/icons8-collaboration-100_white.png and ending with where each trio of question, answer and hint is between tags . Embed each question between tags . Embed each answer between tags . Embed each keyword between tags . ]]> In what ways could AGI contribute to a happier society overall? ✓ increase access to personalized mental health support for all age groups ✓ reduce workload and stress through intelligent task automation ✓ enhance public services through optimized resource allocation ✓ support lifelong learning and skill development with adaptive systems ✓ improve work-life balance by reshaping employment patterns ✓ enable stronger social safety nets using predictive modelling 〆reinforce inequality if benefits unequally distributed 〆reduce human agency without clear ethical frameworks personalized mental health support = tailoring psychological or emotional assistance to individual needs using data-driven insights or AI-based understanding public service optimization = improving the quality, efficiency, and accessibility of services provided by government or public institutions using intelligent systems What might be the risks of relying on AGI for emotional or social fulfilment? ✓ reduce authentic human interaction by replacing social roles ✓ distort emotional development due to artificial empathy cues ✓ reinforce confirmation bias via curated AI responses ✓ increase loneliness despite constant virtual presence ✓ desensitize individuals to natural human limitations 〆eliminate the need for interpersonal relationships entirely 〆create universal emotional templates that fit all individuals artificial empathy = the simulated ability of machines to recognize and respond to human emotions, often without true understanding or consciousness confirmation bias = tendency to favour information that confirms one’s pre-existing beliefs or assumptions, often reinforced by algorithmic filtering How could AGI reshape our concepts of work and leisure? ✓ automate repetitive or hazardous jobs across sectors ✓ create new professions centred on human-AI collaboration ✓ enable more flexible, project-based employment systems ✓ expand leisure opportunities through personalized content delivery ✓ redefine productivity through continuous AI-enhanced assistance ✓ support universal basic income by redistributing economic gains 〆eliminate human participation from all economic functions 〆preserve outdated work structures despite automation human-AI collaboration = cooperative interaction between people and intelligent systems to solve problems or accomplish tasks universal basic income = regular, unconditional payment provided to all citizens to cover basic living expenses, potentially supported by AI-driven productivity Could AGI reduce global inequalities, or make them worse? ✓ democratize access to education through multilingual tutoring systems ✓ enhance healthcare delivery in underserved regions ✓ forecast resource distribution needs using real-time data ✓ empower local economies via intelligent micro-financing platforms ✓ support inclusive policymaking by simulating outcomes 〆ensure equal access if governed by profit-driven entities 〆overcome digital divides in remote or impoverished areas digital divide = gap between individuals or communities with access to digital technology and those without inclusive policymaking = designing laws or decisions by considering the needs and voices of diverse or marginalized groups What ethical dilemmas may emerge if AGI begins managing human happiness? ✓ influence emotional states through data-based behavioural nudging ✓ redefine well-being through metrics not aligned with cultural values ✓ compromise autonomy through algorithmic decision-making ✓ manipulate desires to fit predefined happiness models ✓ prioritize collective happiness over individual rights 〆resolve moral uncertainty with universal AI ethics 〆balance emotional health with freedom without bias behavioural nudging = subtly steering people's choices or behaviours using psychological or environmental cues without restricting freedom algorithmic decision-making = using automated systems to make judgements or take actions that impact human lives, often raising accountability concerns In what ways could AGI help individuals live more meaningful lives? ✓ tailor life advice based on individual values and goals ✓ foster lifelong creativity through co-creation tools ✓ guide personal growth using pattern recognition in behaviour ✓ deepen understanding of others through cultural simulation ✓ suggest purpose-driven paths informed by real-time context 〆impose standardized visions of meaning on diverse populations 〆replace inner reflection with automated self-improvement tools co-creation tools = digital or AI-driven platforms that support shared innovation or artistic expression between humans and machines purpose-driven path = life direction centred around meaningful values or contributions rather than material success How might AGI impact mental health across different generations? ✓ detect early signs of distress through behavioural monitoring ✓ offer real-time therapeutic interventions tailored to age groups ✓ reduce stigma by normalizing mental health dialogue through bots ✓ support intergenerational communication via intelligent mediators ✓ encourage emotional resilience through adaptive coping strategies 〆replace human therapists in all scenarios 〆ignore cultural or age-specific sensitivities in diagnostics emotional resilience = the capacity to recover from stress or adversity by managing emotions effectively intelligent mediators = AI systems designed to facilitate conversations or resolve conflicts between people or groups Can AGI redefine our understanding of what happiness really is? ✓ analyse large-scale well-being data to reveal new insights ✓ question materialistic assumptions by modelling emotional impact ✓ simulate alternative lifestyles and their happiness outcomes ✓ test philosophical theories of happiness with real-world metrics ✓ offer pluralistic frameworks for emotional fulfilment 〆replace individual introspection with prescriptive happiness scores 〆reach a universally agreed-upon definition across societies pluralistic frameworks = multiple coexisting approaches that recognize diverse ways of achieving a goal, such as happiness emotional fulfilment = the experience of having one's emotional needs and aspirations satisfied 105 personalized mental health support = tailoring psychological or emotional assistance to individual needs using data-driven insights or AI-based understanding public service optimization = improving the quality, efficiency, and accessibility of services provided by government or public institutions using intelligent systems artificial empathy = the simulated ability of machines to recognize and respond to human emotions, often without true understanding or consciousness confirmation bias = tendency to favour information that confirms one’s pre-existing beliefs or assumptions, often reinforced by algorithmic filtering human-AI collaboration = cooperative interaction between people and intelligent systems to solve problems or accomplish tasks universal basic income = regular, unconditional payment provided to all citizens to cover basic living expenses, potentially supported by AI-driven productivity digital divide = gap between individuals or communities with access to digital technology and those without inclusive policymaking = designing laws or decisions by considering the needs and voices of diverse or marginalized groups behavioural nudging = subtly steering people's choices or behaviours using psychological or environmental cues without restricting freedom algorithmic decision-making = using automated systems to make judgements or take actions that impact human lives, often raising accountability concerns co-creation tools = digital or AI-driven platforms that support shared innovation or artistic expression between humans and machines purpose-driven path = life direction centred around meaningful values or contributions rather than material success emotional resilience = the capacity to recover from stress or adversity by managing emotions effectively intelligent mediators = AI systems designed to facilitate conversations or resolve conflicts between people or groups pluralistic frameworks = multiple coexisting approaches that recognize diverse ways of achieving a goal, such as happiness emotional fulfilment = the experience of having one's emotional needs and aspirations satisfied 104 1 Will AGI make societies happier? active edit_ol_qa pix/icons8-collaboration-100_white.png and ending with where each trio of question, answer and hint is between tags . Embed each question between tags . Embed each answer between tags . Embed each keyword between tags . ]]> In what ways could AGI contribute to a happier society overall? ✓ increase access to personalized mental health support for all age groups ✓ reduce workload and stress through intelligent task automation ✓ enhance public services through optimized resource allocation ✓ support lifelong learning and skill development with adaptive systems ✓ improve work-life balance by reshaping employment patterns ✓ enable stronger social safety nets using predictive modelling 〆reinforce inequality if benefits unequally distributed 〆reduce human agency without clear ethical frameworks personalized mental health support = tailoring psychological or emotional assistance to individual needs using data-driven insights or AI-based understanding public service optimization = improving the quality, efficiency, and accessibility of services provided by government or public institutions using intelligent systems What might be the risks of relying on AGI for emotional or social fulfilment? ✓ reduce authentic human interaction by replacing social roles ✓ distort emotional development due to artificial empathy cues ✓ reinforce confirmation bias via curated AI responses ✓ increase loneliness despite constant virtual presence ✓ desensitize individuals to natural human limitations 〆eliminate the need for interpersonal relationships entirely 〆create universal emotional templates that fit all individuals artificial empathy = the simulated ability of machines to recognize and respond to human emotions, often without true understanding or consciousness confirmation bias = tendency to favour information that confirms one’s pre-existing beliefs or assumptions, often reinforced by algorithmic filtering How could AGI reshape our concepts of work and leisure? ✓ automate repetitive or hazardous jobs across sectors ✓ create new professions centred on human-AI collaboration ✓ enable more flexible, project-based employment systems ✓ expand leisure opportunities through personalized content delivery ✓ redefine productivity through continuous AI-enhanced assistance ✓ support universal basic income by redistributing economic gains 〆eliminate human participation from all economic functions 〆preserve outdated work structures despite automation human-AI collaboration = cooperative interaction between people and intelligent systems to solve problems or accomplish tasks universal basic income = regular, unconditional payment provided to all citizens to cover basic living expenses, potentially supported by AI-driven productivity Could AGI reduce global inequalities, or make them worse? ✓ democratize access to education through multilingual tutoring systems ✓ enhance healthcare delivery in underserved regions ✓ forecast resource distribution needs using real-time data ✓ empower local economies via intelligent micro-financing platforms ✓ support inclusive policymaking by simulating outcomes 〆ensure equal access if governed by profit-driven entities 〆overcome digital divides in remote or impoverished areas digital divide = gap between individuals or communities with access to digital technology and those without inclusive policymaking = designing laws or decisions by considering the needs and voices of diverse or marginalized groups What ethical dilemmas may emerge if AGI begins managing human happiness? ✓ influence emotional states through data-based behavioural nudging ✓ redefine well-being through metrics not aligned with cultural values ✓ compromise autonomy through algorithmic decision-making ✓ manipulate desires to fit predefined happiness models ✓ prioritize collective happiness over individual rights 〆resolve moral uncertainty with universal AI ethics 〆balance emotional health with freedom without bias behavioural nudging = subtly steering people's choices or behaviours using psychological or environmental cues without restricting freedom algorithmic decision-making = using automated systems to make judgements or take actions that impact human lives, often raising accountability concerns In what ways could AGI help individuals live more meaningful lives? ✓ tailor life advice based on individual values and goals ✓ foster lifelong creativity through co-creation tools ✓ guide personal growth using pattern recognition in behaviour ✓ deepen understanding of others through cultural simulation ✓ suggest purpose-driven paths informed by real-time context 〆impose standardized visions of meaning on diverse populations 〆replace inner reflection with automated self-improvement tools co-creation tools = digital or AI-driven platforms that support shared innovation or artistic expression between humans and machines purpose-driven path = life direction centred around meaningful values or contributions rather than material success How might AGI impact mental health across different generations? ✓ detect early signs of distress through behavioural monitoring ✓ offer real-time therapeutic interventions tailored to age groups ✓ reduce stigma by normalizing mental health dialogue through bots ✓ support intergenerational communication via intelligent mediators ✓ encourage emotional resilience through adaptive coping strategies 〆replace human therapists in all scenarios 〆ignore cultural or age-specific sensitivities in diagnostics emotional resilience = the capacity to recover from stress or adversity by managing emotions effectively intelligent mediators = AI systems designed to facilitate conversations or resolve conflicts between people or groups Can AGI redefine our understanding of what happiness really is? ✓ analyse large-scale well-being data to reveal new insights ✓ question materialistic assumptions by modelling emotional impact ✓ simulate alternative lifestyles and their happiness outcomes ✓ test philosophical theories of happiness with real-world metrics ✓ offer pluralistic frameworks for emotional fulfilment 〆replace individual introspection with prescriptive happiness scores 〆reach a universally agreed-upon definition across societies pluralistic frameworks = multiple coexisting approaches that recognize diverse ways of achieving a goal, such as happiness emotional fulfilment = the experience of having one's emotional needs and aspirations satisfied 103 personalized mental health support = tailoring psychological or emotional assistance to individual needs using data-driven insights or AI-based understanding public service optimization = improving the quality, efficiency, and accessibility of services provided by government or public institutions using intelligent systems artificial empathy = the simulated ability of machines to recognize and respond to human emotions, often without true understanding or consciousness confirmation bias = tendency to favour information that confirms one’s pre-existing beliefs or assumptions, often reinforced by algorithmic filtering human-AI collaboration = cooperative interaction between people and intelligent systems to solve problems or accomplish tasks universal basic income = regular, unconditional payment provided to all citizens to cover basic living expenses, potentially supported by AI-driven productivity digital divide = gap between individuals or communities with access to digital technology and those without inclusive policymaking = designing laws or decisions by considering the needs and voices of diverse or marginalized groups behavioural nudging = subtly steering people's choices or behaviours using psychological or environmental cues without restricting freedom algorithmic decision-making = using automated systems to make judgements or take actions that impact human lives, often raising accountability concerns co-creation tools = digital or AI-driven platforms that support shared innovation or artistic expression between humans and machines purpose-driven path = life direction centred around meaningful values or contributions rather than material success emotional resilience = the capacity to recover from stress or adversity by managing emotions effectively intelligent mediators = AI systems designed to facilitate conversations or resolve conflicts between people or groups pluralistic frameworks = multiple coexisting approaches that recognize diverse ways of achieving a goal, such as happiness emotional fulfilment = the experience of having one's emotional needs and aspirations satisfied Can't we just print more money? 102 1 Can't we just print more money? active edit_ol_qa pix/icons8-collaboration-100_white.png visual https://sobrief.com/books/cant-we-just-print-more-money → answer the questions]]> https://sobrief.com/books/cant-we-just-print-more-money Key Takeaways 1. Economics is everywhere, shaping our daily choices and societal outcomes Economics affects all of us every day of our lives. Each time you make a choice about whether or not to work, whether to spend some money today or save it for tomorrow, go out for a meal or cook one at home, you are making an economic decision. Ubiquitous economic decisions. Every day, we make countless economic choices without realizing it. From deciding what to eat for breakfast to choosing a career path, these decisions involve trade-offs and opportunity costs. Economics provides a framework for understanding these choices and their implications. Markets and resource allocation. At its core, economics studies how societies allocate scarce resources. Markets play a crucial role in this process, coordinating the actions of millions of individuals through the forces of supply and demand. This "invisible hand" often leads to efficient outcomes, but not always. Societal impact. Economic forces shape not just individual choices, but entire societies. They influence: Income distribution Technological innovation Environmental sustainability Political systems Understanding these forces empowers individuals to make better decisions and engage more effectively in civic life. 2. Markets coordinate supply and demand, but can fail in crucial ways Economics can help us understand the forces that led to this happening, as well as how we should respond. Market mechanics. Markets bring together buyers and sellers, with prices acting as signals to coordinate their actions. When demand for a product increases, prices rise, incentivizing more production. This process generally leads to efficient outcomes, matching supply with demand. Market failures. However, markets can fail in important ways: Externalities: When the full costs or benefits of an action aren't reflected in market prices (e.g., pollution) Public goods: Products that benefit everyone but are difficult to charge for individually (e.g., national defense) Information asymmetries: When one party has more information than the other (e.g., used car sales) Monopolies: When a single seller dominates a market, leading to higher prices and less innovation Policy interventions. Recognizing these failures, policymakers often intervene in markets through: Regulations Taxes and subsidies Direct provision of goods and services Understanding market failures is crucial for addressing major societal challenges like climate change and healthcare provision. XXXXXXXXXXXXXXX cont. from here 3. Labor markets determine wages and employment, with inherent frictions To understand labour markets you need to not just make sense of how markets work, but understand the peculiar ways in which they interact with the idiosyncratic economics of employment. Supply and demand for labor. Wages and employment levels are determined by the interaction of labor supply (workers) and demand (employers). Factors influencing this include: Worker skills and productivity Business needs and profitability Economic conditions Labor market frictions. Unlike in idealized markets, labor markets have inherent frictions that prevent perfect matching of workers to jobs: Search costs: Time and effort required to find suitable jobs or employees Geographic constraints: Workers may be unable or unwilling to relocate for jobs Skill mismatches: Available workers may lack the skills needed for open positions Policy implications. Understanding these frictions informs policies aimed at reducing unemployment and improving labor market efficiency, such as: Job search assistance programs Education and training initiatives Labor mobility support Recognizing the complexities of labor markets helps explain persistent unemployment and wage disparities, even in otherwise healthy economies. 4. Economic growth drives long-term prosperity, but has complex impacts You're richer than your ancestors because of economic growth. That economic growth comes from a combination of several factors – most notably, improvements in technology. Drivers of growth. Long-term economic growth primarily stems from: Technological innovation Capital accumulation (investment in productive assets) Human capital development (education and skills) Institutional improvements (rule of law, property rights) Compounding effects. Over time, even small differences in growth rates lead to massive differences in living standards. This explains why modern societies are so much wealthier than those of the past. Complexities and trade-offs. While growth generally improves living standards, it can have negative side effects: Environmental degradation Inequality (if benefits are unevenly distributed) Cultural disruption Policymakers must balance promoting growth with addressing these potential downsides. Sustainable development aims to achieve growth that improves quality of life without compromising future generations' well-being. 5. International trade allows specialization and mutual benefit between nations Even if there are lots of jobs across an entire economy, that doesn't mean there are lots of jobs on offer in the area where each individual is based. Comparative advantage. The key insight of international trade theory is that countries benefit by specializing in what they're relatively best at producing, even if they're not the absolute best. This counter-intuitive idea explains why trade can benefit all parties involved. Benefits of trade: Lower prices for consumers Greater product variety Increased economic efficiency Knowledge and technology transfer Challenges and controversies. While trade generally increases overall economic welfare, it can create losers within countries: Industries facing foreign competition may decline Workers may need to transition to new sectors This has led to political backlash against globalization in some countries. Policymakers face the challenge of balancing the broad benefits of trade with addressing its localized negative impacts. 6. Inflation erodes purchasing power over time, with wide-ranging effects Inflation can be thought of as a tax on keeping money. Just as income tax might take away a fraction of your salary every month, inflation takes away a fraction of your spending power. Causes of inflation. Price increases can be driven by: Demand-pull factors: Increased spending outpacing production Cost-push factors: Rising input costs (e.g., raw materials, wages) Monetary factors: Expansion of the money supply Economic impacts. Moderate, stable inflation is generally considered beneficial, but high or unpredictable inflation can be harmful: Erodes savings and fixed incomes Creates uncertainty, hampering investment Can lead to inefficient allocation of resources Policy responses. Central banks typically aim for low, stable inflation (often around 2% annually) using tools like: Interest rate adjustments Quantitative easing/tightening Understanding inflation is crucial for personal financial planning, business decision-making, and evaluating economic policies. 7. Money and banking are built on trust, facilitating economic activity Money is ultimately a system of mutually agreed trust; over the centuries, people have looked to reinforce that trust in various ways: drawing on the 'intrinsic' value of precious metals and commodities, drawing on the resources and power of the state, or even drawing on the cool logic of computer code. Evolution of money. Money has taken many forms throughout history, from commodity-based systems to today's fiat currencies. Its core functions remain constant: Medium of exchange Store of value Unit of account Banking system. Modern economies rely on a complex banking system that: Creates money through fractional reserve lending Facilitates payments and credit Helps manage economic risks Trust and regulation. The entire monetary and banking system relies on trust. Governments and central banks play crucial roles in maintaining this trust through: Deposit insurance Bank regulations Monetary policy Understanding money and banking is essential for grasping how modern economies function and the role of financial institutions in both facilitating growth and potentially creating instability. 8. Economic crises have far-reaching consequences and are difficult to predict Economists are all too aware of this phenomenon. Even Adam Smith recognised that there are some situations in which markets end up working against the common good. Anatomy of crises. Economic crises can stem from various sources: Financial bubbles and crashes Banking system failures External shocks (e.g., pandemics, natural disasters) Policy mistakes These events can trigger a self-reinforcing cycle of declining confidence, reduced spending, and job losses. Widespread impacts. Economic crises affect far more than just financial markets: Unemployment and income loss Business failures Social and political instability Long-term "scarring" effects on growth Prediction challenges. Forecasting crises is notoriously difficult due to: Complex, interconnected economic systems Inherent unpredictability of human behavior Potential for "black swan" events While economists have developed tools to better understand and potentially mitigate crises, perfect prediction remains elusive. This underscores the importance of building resilient economic systems and maintaining policy flexibility. 9. Policymakers use various tools to manage the economy, with limitations Just like Smith's workers in the pin factory, countries tend to specialise in producing certain things – the things they're best at making –then swap these items through trade. Monetary policy. Central banks use tools like interest rate adjustments and quantitative easing to influence: Inflation Employment Overall economic activity Fiscal policy. Governments use taxation and spending to: Provide public goods and services Redistribute income Stabilize the economy during downturns Limitations and trade-offs. Economic management faces several challenges: Time lags between policy changes and their effects Unintended consequences Political constraints Globalization reducing national policy effectiveness Policy debates. Economists and policymakers often disagree on the optimal approach to managing the economy, with ongoing debates about: The appropriate balance between markets and government intervention The effectiveness of different policy tools How to address long-term challenges like inequality and climate change Understanding these policy tools and their limitations is crucial for informed civic engagement and evaluating economic proposals. Last updated: April 22, 2025 ]]> What are ubiquitous economic decisions? Every day, we make countless economic choices without realizing it. From deciding what to eat for breakfast to choosing a career path, these decisions involve trade-offs and opportunity costs. Economics provides a framework for understanding these choices and their implications invisible hand?]]> ✓ how societies allocate scarce resources ✓ markets play a crucial role in this process → coordinate actions of millions of individuals through the forces of supply and demand → often leads to efficient outcomes, but not always What is the societal impact of economic forces? ✓ income distribution ✓ technological innovation ✓ environmental sustainability ✓ political systems → understanding empowers individuals to make better decisions → engage more effectively in civic life How do market mechanics coordinate supply and demand? ✓ bring together buyers and sellers ✓ prices act as signals to coordinate actions → when demand for a product increases, prices rise → incentivise more production ✓ leads to efficient outcomes, matching supply with demand Why can markets fail to coordinate supply and demand? How should we respond to that? ✓ externalities = when the full costs or benefits of an action aren't reflected in market prices (e.g., pollution) ✓ public goods = products that benefit everyone but are difficult to charge for individually (e.g., national defence) ✓ information asymmetries = when one party has more information than the other (e.g., used car sales) ✓ monopolies = when a single seller dominates a market → leads to higher prices and less innovation How do policymakers often intervene in markets? ✓ regulations ✓ taxes and subsidies ✓ direct provision of goods and services → understanding market failures is crucial for addressing major societal challenges like climate change and healthcare provision 101 glass ceiling = ceiling based on attitudinal or organizational bias in the work force that prevents minorities and women from advancing to leadership positions empathy = ability to understand another person's feelings, experience, etc Trans-Tasman Economic Area = highly integrated economic zone between Australia and New Zealand, founded on the 1983 Closer Economic Relations (CER) agreement, which eliminated almost all tariffs and quotas. It features free movement of people, mutual recognition of standards, and a single economic market (SEM) agenda focused on reducing regulatory barriers cue = action or event that is a signal for sb to do sth; a few words or an action in a play that is a signal for another actor to do sth China, Empire of the Middle = China's traditional name, Zhongguo (中國), meaning "Middle Kingdom," reflecting its historical self-perception as the centre of civilization, bridging the divine (Heaven) and the earthly world, a concept that evolved from referring to the central plains to the entire unified empire, influencing its worldview and cultural significance frugality = using only as much money or food as is necessary 100 20260424 10:15-11:15 MSK | 11:15-12:15 SAMT 1.5 2500 active Russian business landscape: a fertile desert awaiting water Why Russians don't use their brains By the end of this session you will have studied Interview with Izac Adizes by Vedomosti.ru Why Russians don't use their brains Watch the video. → answer the questions http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ewEb_lAd0zc zoom_meeting.png Zoom meeting details Profi.ru - D.Potter Zoom Meeting (recurring) Meeting ID: 765 1187 4648 Password: pFGjq3 https://us04web.zoom.us/j/76511874648?pwd=pqq81L5Zbdw6lT8hToYVMKUIJsisYn.1 ]]> Bottoms Up - JH B2 Business or pleasure 99 1 Russian business landscape: a fertile desert awaiting water active edit_ol_qa pix/icons8-collaboration-100_white.png Interview with Izac Adizes by Vedomosti.ru Why Russians don't use their brains http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ewEb_lAd0zc Watch the video. → answer the questions]]> Russian background mindmap ]]> How has Russia’s historical development influenced its current trade practices? (Euro-Asian heritage, Soviet legacy) What are the characteristics of a patriarchal system of values? ✓ based on respect of the elder ones 〆responsibilities & authority can't bypass age-related hierarchy 〆no initiative granted to the younger ones (who are not trusted to be accountable) 〆no ability to delegate → control through terror → principles of democracy irrelevant & misunderstood by the masses How does the patriarchal system shape management and authority in Russian organisations? vertical management = top-down control structure What characteristics define the “golden youth” in Russia and their approach to responsibility? carpe diem = enjoy present moment self-indulgent = focused on own pleasure How does the “new elite” differ from the golden youth in terms of mindset and ambitions? What role do the nouveaux-riches play in the Russian business culture? status symbols = items showing wealth What obstacles do Russian entrepreneurs face in developing their businesses? red tape = excessive bureaucracy How do Russian consumers typically behave in the marketplace? herd instinct = following others keeping up appearances = trying to look successful Why is competition limited in many Russian industries? omnipresent demand = demand everywhere What attitudes influence Russian politics in relation to economic change? Why is breaking the patriarchal cycle in Russia particularly challenging? What is the main role of democracy in balancing Russian society? equilibrium = balanced situation What are the weaknesses of many Russian managers? 〆middle managers are afraid of losing their jobs → they prefer terror & micro-management to empowerment 〆middle managers hire staff they can control = they want to protect themselves 〆middle managers don't usually train their subordinates to become their successors → higher management need to threaten middle managers with 30% penalties on their yearly bonus if they have no successor 98 patriarchy = society, system or country that is ruled or controlled by men part & parcel = necessary or important part; something necessary to a larger thing to plunder = to steal things from a place, especially using force during a time of war haggling = ~ (with sb) (over sth) arguing with sb in order to reach an agreement, especially about the price of sth daunting = discouraging through fear; intimidating self-indulgent = (disapproving) allowing yourself to have or do things that you like, especially when you do this too much or too often reckless = showing a lack of care about danger and the possible results of your actions CSR = corporate social responsibility herd instinct = natural tendency in people or animals to behave or think like other people or animals thrifty = (approving) careful about spending money and not wasting things tight-fisted = not willing to spend or give much money; mean; stingy to splash out = to spend a lot of money on sth without counting trustworthy = that you can rely on to be good, honest, sincere, etc. 97 won't be aren't | weren't controlled they would (will | would) be a mess They're trying to fillful fulfil these instructions ]]> 20260420 10:15-11:15 MSK | 11:15-12:15 SAMT 1.5 2500 active Why good leaders make you feel safe? By the end of this session you will have studied Why good leaders make you feel safe | Simon Sinek What makes a great leader? Management theorist Simon Sinek suggests, it's someone who makes their employees feel secure, who draws staffers into a circle of trust. But creating trust and safety — especially in an uneven economy — means taking on big responsibility. Watch the video. → answer the questions https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lmyZMtPVodo zoom_meeting.png Zoom meeting details Profi.ru - D.Potter Zoom Meeting (recurring) Meeting ID: 765 1187 4648 Password: pFGjq3 https://us04web.zoom.us/j/76511874648?pwd=pqq81L5Zbdw6lT8hToYVMKUIJsisYn.1 ]]> Bottoms Up - JH B2 Preparing for professional mobility 96 1 Why good leaders make you feel safe? active edit_ol_qa prep_ol_qa pix/icons8-collaboration-100_white.png Why good leaders make you feel safe | Simon Sinek What makes a great leader? Management theorist Simon Sinek suggests, it's someone who makes their employees feel secure, who draws staffers into a circle of trust. But creating trust and safety — especially in an uneven economy — means taking on big responsibility. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lmyZMtPVodo]]> why_good_leaders_make_you_feel_safe_simon_sinek-lmyzmtpvodo.mp4 Why was Captain Swenson recognised? [00:52] ✓ ran into live fire when caught in an ambush in Afghanistan ✓ rescued the wounded ✓ pulled out the dead = brave → reminiscent of a hero? to recognise = to express obligation, thanks, or gratitude for What is remarkable about what Captain Swenson did? [01:36] ✓ he kissed his wounded soldier who was being evacuated by helicopter → emotional intelligence? emotional intelligence = ability to understand, use, and manage your own emotions in positive ways to relieve stress, communicate effectively, empathize with others, overcome challenges and defuse conflict What is the difference in making sacrifices in the army and in business? [02:06] ✓ in the army, they're willing to sacrifice themselves so that others may gain → leaders are rewarded with a medal ✓ in business, leaders give bonuses to people who are ready to sacrifice others so that leaders may gain = opposite action Do you know of - or believe that - soldiers are attracted by the ideology: having a vocation, giving a service to their country? Can employees in business be motivated in the same way? [02:30] 〆their environment doesn't define how they act ✓ they would sacrifice themselves for you (if you can create the right environment) → employees, like soldiers, may work harder if well motivated, or inspired → create the right environment vocation = type of work or way of life that you believe is especially suitable for you What is special about this environment? What are the 2 key ingredients? [03:01] ✓ trust ✓ cooperation ≠ words or instructions → empathy What is the circle of safety? [03:52] ✓ an area where the tribe of social animals collaborate together → feel safe ✓ protect against external danger = feeling of trust & cooperation How does the anecdote of the airport staff support the anti-thesis (i.e. situation in which you are not in the circle of safety)? [05:44] 〆if you don't follow the rules → lose your job = don't trust their leaders What makes a good parent? How is this relevant to leaders? [06:36] ✓ giving love ✓ ensuring education ✓ teaching discipline ✓ providing support to make great achievements ✓ giving opportunities to try and fail → be a role model? How often should a manager give opportunities to try and fail? → create sandbox environments How many leaders prepare their successors? 〆lack of talent management 〆little concern for knowledge management = self-protection in Russia What is lifetime employment policy? [07:19] ✓ don't lay off staff for performance issues (because you wouldn't lay off children either) → coach when there is an issue Would you sacrifice numbers to save people? [08:18] ✓ in practice, reduce operational costs before labour costs because recruiting is time consuming What is the difference between head counts and heart counts? [09:25] ✓ don't lay off staff during hard times ✓ people who feel safe will collaborate better & spontaneously make compromises = better to all suffer a little than one should suffer a lot How different are some of the recognised leaders at the top and unofficial leaders at the bottom? [10:22] ✓ many leaders at the top feature only authority 〆they lack empathy 〆they are not trusted ✓ leaders at the bottom (usually) lack authority → feature consideration for others ✓ they are trusted = create a safe environment Why are some staff members ready to sacrifice themselves? [11:24] visual → don't make staff members feel like a cogwheel in the system, or just a pawn in a board game = being Russian doesn't mean adhering to authoritarian management styles ]]> to adhere = to behave according to a particular law, rule, set of instructions, etc fat cat = (informal, disapproving) person who earns, or who has, a lot of money (especially when compared to people who do not earn so much) 95 1 Introduction to management styles active edit_ol_qa pix/icons8-collaboration-100_white.png Are skills needed to be a female referee different from a male referee? ✓ depends on gender role in a given country or corporate culture gender role = overt expression of attitudes that indicate to others the degree of your maleness or femaleness What management styles do you know of? ✓ authoritative vs democratic ✓ empowering vs controlling ✓ directive vs laid-back & laissez-faire laid-back = calm, and relaxed; seeming not to worry about anything laissez-faire /,leɪseɪˈfɛə/ = allow to do What are the advantages of empowering? ✓ decentralised decision-making ✓ less bureaucratic ✓ employees motivated by company ownership empowering = giving sb the power or authority to do sth What are the characteristics of a strong leadership? ✓ traditional, authoritarian manager ✓ visionary, charismatic leader ✓ decisions made in a top-down approach top-down = approach where an executive decision maker or other top person makes the decisions of how something should be done, from their level to lower levels in the hierarchy How would you define management by consensus? ✓ process of consultation ✓ employees contribute to decision-making consensus = opinion that all members of a group agree with Why should managers achieve consensual management with coaching & mentoring? ✓ be a role model ✓ senior managers groom 'future' managers role model = person that you admire and try to copy to groom = sb (for / as sth) to prepare or train sb for an important job or position 94 vocation = type of work or way of life that you believe is especially suitable for you to adhere = to behave according to a particular law, rule, set of instructions, etc empowerment = to give sb the power or authority to do sth consensus ~ (among sb) | ~ (about sth) | ~ (that ...) = an opinion that all members of a group agree with consensual /kən'sensu:əl/ /kən'senʃu:əl/ = which people in general agree with decisive /dɪˈsaɪsɪv/ = very important for the final result of a particular situation; able to decide sth quickly and with confidence to groom sb (for / as sth) = to prepare or train sb for an important job or position laid-back = calm, and relaxed; seeming not to worry about anything fat cat = (informal, disapproving) person who earns, or who has, a lot of money (especially when compared to people who do not earn so much) 93 table job description If they wouldn't didn't act like this they wouldn't be safe They (buffaloes and zebras) can afford them allow themselves | take the risk of being to be together You can't produce what do you do We're spending money for on that It's better to conserve keep | retain talent than lay off ]]> 20260417 10:15-11:15 MSK | 11:15-12:15 SAMT 1.5 2500 lc By the end of this session you will have studied Why good leaders make you feel safe | Simon Sinek What makes a great leader? Management theorist Simon Sinek suggests, it's someone who makes their employees feel secure, who draws staffers into a circle of trust. But creating trust and safety — especially in an uneven economy — means taking on big responsibility. Watch the video. → answer the questions https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lmyZMtPVodo zoom_meeting.png Zoom meeting details Profi.ru - D.Potter Zoom Meeting (recurring) Meeting ID: 765 1187 4648 Password: pFGjq3 https://us04web.zoom.us/j/76511874648?pwd=pqq81L5Zbdw6lT8hToYVMKUIJsisYn.1 ]]> 92 20260413 10:15-11:15 MSK | 11:15-12:15 SAMT 1.5 2500 active Ideologies in Iran vs Russia By the end of this session you will have studied Why good leaders make you feel safe | Simon Sinek What makes a great leader? Management theorist Simon Sinek suggests, it's someone who makes their employees feel secure, who draws staffers into a circle of trust. But creating trust and safety — especially in an uneven economy — means taking on big responsibility. Watch the video. → answer the questions https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lmyZMtPVodo zoom_meeting.png Zoom meeting details Profi.ru - D.Potter Zoom Meeting (recurring) Meeting ID: 765 1187 4648 Password: pFGjq3 https://us04web.zoom.us/j/76511874648?pwd=pqq81L5Zbdw6lT8hToYVMKUIJsisYn.1 ]]> C1 91 1 Is there a genuine ideology behind Russia's war? active edit_ol_qa pix/icons8-collaboration-100_white.png Can looking at the geopolitical situation in Iran help fathom the ideology behind Russia's war? Use rules, general, lesson_structure, format, qa_formatting, answers, hints, final_checklist from the Business English Lesson Generator — Prompt Template to discuss the following topic and answer the following questions: Topic: Ideologies in Iran vs Russia Questions: How different are ideologies in Russia and Iran? To what extent are patriotism or nationalism in Russia comparable to radical religious ideology in Iran? Can ideology in Russia be strong enough to support further economic & cultural isolation from the West? Isn't Russian state intervention in market forces excessive & restricting liberties? How long will Russians be willing to accept their government's narrative? How different are ideologies in Russia and Iran in terms of governance and societal influence? governance = way a country is controlled or directed To what extent can Russian patriotism be compared with religious ideology in Iran? to hinge on = to depend decisively on one factor martyr /ˈmɑ:tə/ = person who suffers very much or is killed because of their religious or political beliefs Can ideology in Russia be strong enough to support further isolation from the West? 〆potential downstream impacts on living standards → narrower assortment of goods & feeling of being unfairly denied access to a given lifestyle ✓ warn of second- and third-order consequences for economy 〆fewer opportunities for divergent thinking 〆sub-conscious resentment towards western trends ✓ sanctions bring about creative solutions to circumvent artificial obstacles 〆Russians having been given a taste of the western lifestyle are less prone to giving up 〆public opinion unlikely to continue such structural changes unless under coercion of the government → sustainability remains uncertain over the long term ]]> to be contingent upon = to depend on a condition downstream impact = later consequences in process coercion = action of making sb do sth that they do not want to do, using force or threatening to use force Is Russian state intervention in market forces excessive and restrictive? to open a can of worms = to create complicated problems How long might citizens accept government narratives, and what factors influence this? dissent = fact of having or expressing opinions that are different from those that are officially accepted to be down to = be caused by specific factor contagion effect = tendency to spread quickly 90 governance = way a country is controlled or directed martyr /ˈmɑ:tə/ = person who suffers very much or is killed because of their religious or political beliefs to hinge on = to depend decisively on one factor martyr /ˈmɑ:tə/ = person who suffers very much or is killed because of their religious or political beliefs coercion = action of making sb do sth that they do not want to do, using force or threatening to use force to be contingent upon = to depend on condition downstream impact = later consequences in process to open a can of worms = to create complicated problems dissent = fact of having or expressing opinions that are different from those that are officially accepted to be down to = be caused by specific factor contagion effect = tendency to spread quickly to fathom ~ sb/sth (out) = to understand or find an explanation for sth; noun - a unit for measuring the depth of water, equal to 6 feet or 1.8 metres 89 nearby near | close to Budapest Once I've been to was in Taiwan China is a self dependent sufficient country ]]> authoritarianism /ə,θɔ:rə'teri:ə,nizəm/ heir /ɛə/ 20260410 10:15-11:15 MSK | 11:15-12:15 SAMT 1.5 2500 active Michelle Obama: A passionate, personal case for education By the end of this session you will have studied A passionate, personal case for education Michelle Obama Elizabeth G. Anderson School April 2009 Speaking to an audience of students, US First Lady Michelle Obama reminds each one to take their education seriously -- and never take it for granted. This new, brilliant generation, she tells us, is the one that could close the gap between the world as it is and the world as it should be. https://www.ted.com/talks/michelle_obama_a_passionate_personal_case_for_education → watch the video → answer the questions zoom_meeting.png Zoom meeting details Profi.ru - D.Potter Zoom Meeting (recurring) Meeting ID: 765 1187 4648 Password: pFGjq3 https://us04web.zoom.us/j/76511874648?pwd=pqq81L5Zbdw6lT8hToYVMKUIJsisYn.1 ]]> C1 Politics 88 1 Michelle Obama: A passionate, personal case for education active wip edit_ol_qa prep_ol_qa pix/icons8-movie-100_white.png How would you convince generation Alpha to fight for a better world? ✓ Generation Alpha generally includes those born after 2010 → choose someone perhaps slightly older who represents their values & questions the establishment e.g. Greta Thunberg ✓ embodies environmental concerns of Generation Z (b. 2003) ✓ acts as a leader for her peers and the younger, Gen Alpha generation ✓ belongs to the cohort born roughly between the mid-1990s and early 2000s → often acts as a key figure representing youth climate activism video A passionate, personal case for education Michelle Obama Elizabeth G. Anderson School April 2009 Speaking to an audience of students, US First Lady Michelle Obama reminds each one to take their education seriously -- and never take it for granted. This new, brilliant generation, she tells us, is the one that could close the gap between the world as it is and the world as it should be. https://www.ted.com/talks/michelle_obama_a_passionate_personal_case_for_education → watch the video → answer the questions]]> michelle_obama_ted_talk_a_passionate_personal_case_for_education.mp4 This is my first trip, my first foreign trip as a first lady. Can you believe that? (Applause) And while this is not my first visit to the U.K., I have to say that I am glad that this is my first official visit. The special relationship between the United States and the U.K. is based not only on the relationship between governments, but the common language and the values that we share, and I'm reminded of that by watching you all today. During my visit I've been especially honored to meet some of Britain's most extraordinary women -- women who are paving the way for all of you. And I'm honored to meet you, the future leaders of Great Britain and this world. And although the circumstances of our lives may seem very distant, with me standing here as the First Lady of the United States of America, and you, just getting through school, I want you to know that we have very much in common. For nothing in my life's path would have predicted that I'd be standing here as the first African-American First Lady of the United States of America. There is nothing in my story that would land me here. I wasn't raised with wealth or resources or any social standing to speak of. I was raised on the South Side of Chicago. That's the real part of Chicago. And I was the product of a working-class community. My father was a city worker all of his life, and my mother was a stay-at-home mom. And she stayed at home to take care of me and my older brother. Neither of them attended university. My dad was diagnosed with multiple sclerosis in the prime of his life. But even as it got harder for him to walk and get dressed in the morning -- I saw him struggle more and more -- my father never complained about his struggle. He was grateful for what he had. He just woke up a little earlier and worked a little harder. And my brother and I were raised with all that you really need: love, strong values and a belief that with a good education and a whole lot of hard work, that there was nothing that we could not do. 02:43 I am an example of what's possible when girls from the very beginning of their lives are loved and nurtured by the people around them. I was surrounded by extraordinary women in my life: grandmothers, teachers, aunts, cousins, neighbors, who taught me about quiet strength and dignity. And my mother, the most important role model in my life, who lives with us at the White House and helps to care for our two little daughters, Malia and Sasha. She's an active presence in their lives, as well as mine, and is instilling in them the same values that she taught me and my brother: things like compassion, and integrity, and confidence, and perseverance -- all of that wrapped up in an unconditional love that only a grandmother can give. 03:43 I was also fortunate enough to be cherished and encouraged by some strong male role models as well, including my father, my brother, uncles and grandfathers. The men in my life taught me some important things, as well. They taught me about what a respectful relationship should look like between men and women. They taught me about what a strong marriage feels like: that it's built on faith and commitment and an admiration for each other's unique gifts. They taught me about what it means to be a father and to raise a family. And not only to invest in your own home but to reach out and help raise kids in the broader community. 04:33 And these were the same qualities that I looked for in my own husband, Barack Obama. And when we first met, one of the things that I remember is that he took me out on a date. And his date was to go with him to a community meeting. (Laughter) I know, how romantic. (Laughter) But when we met, Barack was a community organizer. He worked, helping people to find jobs and to try to bring resources into struggling neighborhoods. As he talked to the residents in that community center, he talked about two concepts. He talked about "the world as it is" and "the world as it should be." And I talked about this throughout the entire campaign. What he said, that all too often, is that we accept the distance between those two ideas. And sometimes we settle for the world as it is, even when it doesn't reflect our values and aspirations. But Barack reminded us on that day, all of us in that room, that we all know what our world should look like. We know what fairness and justice and opportunity look like. We all know. And he urged the people in that meeting, in that community, to devote themselves to closing the gap between those two ideas, to work together to try to make the world as it is and the world as it should be, one and the same. 06:09 And I think about that today because I am reminded and convinced that all of you in this school are very important parts of closing that gap. You are the women who will build the world as it should be. You're going to write the next chapter in history. Not just for yourselves, but for your generation and generations to come. And that's why getting a good education is so important. That's why all of this that you're going through -- the ups and the downs, the teachers that you love and the teachers that you don't -- why it's so important. Because communities and countries and ultimately the world are only as strong as the health of their women. And that's important to keep in mind. 06:59 Part of that health includes an outstanding education. The difference between a struggling family and a healthy one is often the presence of an empowered woman or women at the center of that family. The difference between a broken community and a thriving one is often the healthy respect between men and women who appreciate the contributions each other makes to society. The difference between a languishing nation and one that will flourish is the recognition that we need equal access to education for both boys and girls. 07:39 And this school, named after the U.K.'s first female doctor, and the surrounding buildings named for Mexican artist Frida Kahlo, Mary Seacole, the Jamaican nurse known as the "black Florence Nightingale," and the English author, Emily Bronte, honor women who fought sexism, racism and ignorance, to pursue their passions to feed their own souls. They allowed for no obstacles. As the sign said back there, "without limitations." They knew no other way to live than to follow their dreams. And having done so, these women moved many obstacles. And they opened many new doors for millions of female doctors and nurses and artists and authors, all of whom have followed them. And by getting a good education, you too can control your own destiny. 08:44 Please remember that. If you want to know the reason why I'm standing here, it's because of education. I never cut class. Sorry, I don't know if anybody is cutting class. I never did it. I loved getting As. I liked being smart. I liked being on time. I liked getting my work done. I thought being smart was cooler than anything in the world. And you too, with these same values, can control your own destiny. You too can pave the way. You too can realize your dreams, and then your job is to reach back and to help someone just like you do the same thing. History proves that it doesn't matter whether you come from a council estate or a country estate. 09:37 Your success will be determined by your own fortitude, your own confidence, your own individual hard work. That is true. That is the reality of the world that we live in. You now have control over your own destiny. And it won't be easy -- that's for sure. But you have everything you need. Everything you need to succeed, you already have, right here. 10:06 My husband works in this big office. They call it the Oval Office. In the White House, there's the desk that he sits at -- it's called the Resolute desk. It was built by the timber of Her Majesty's Ship Resolute and given by Queen Victoria. It's an enduring symbol of the friendship between our two nations. And its name, Resolute, is a reminder of the strength of character that's required not only to lead a country, but to live a life of purpose, as well. And I hope in pursuing your dreams, you all remain resolute, that you go forward without limits, and that you use your talents -- because there are many; we've seen them; it's there -- that you use them to create the world as it should be. Because we are counting on you. We are counting on every single one of you to be the very best that you can be. Because the world is big. And it's full of challenges. And we need strong, smart, confident young women to stand up and take the reins. 11:19 We know you can do it. We love you. Thank you so much. For nothing in my life's path would have predicted that I'd be standing here as the first African-American First Lady of the United States of America. ]]> ✓ wasn't raised with wealth or resources or any social standing to speak of ✓ was the product of a working-class community ✓ father was a city worker ✓ mother was a stay-at-home mum ✓ none of her family members attended university What did M.Obama learn from people around her? ✓ role models of how to love & nurture ✓ was taught quiet strength & dignity ✓ was instilled compassion, integrity, confidence, perseverance by her grand mother to instil ~ sth (in / into sb) = to gradually make sb feel, think or behave in a particular way over a period of time How did the male role models impact her life? ✓ taught her what a respectful relationship should look like between men and women ✓ gave the example of what a strong marriage feels like e.g. built on faith and commitment, admiration for each other's unique gifts ✓ showed what it means to be a father and raise a family ✓ demonstrate the duty to both invest in your own home and reach out & help raise kids in the broader community What were the two concepts Barack Obama talked about? What was his message? 1) "the world as it is" 2) "the world as it should be" ✓ we accept the distance between those two ideas 〆sometimes we settle for the world as it is, even when it doesn't reflect our values and aspirations → devote ourselves to closing the gap between those two ideas to settle for = to accept sth that is not completely satisfactory but is the best that is available Communities and countries, and ultimately the world are only as strong as the health of their women. ]]> https://www.alislam.org/articles/role-of-women-in-an-islamic-society/#:~:text=Islam%20gave%20women%20rights%20that,for%20various%20forms%20of%20mistreatment. = example of propaganda?... In the word as it should be... ⇒ women are not expected to close the gap, and certainly not allowed to surpass men ]]> 87 20260410-0950 Use of 3rd person plural determiner with unknown gender active grammar 86 20260410-0953 20220817-1127 One meaning 'you' in a formal, impersonal context active grammar 85 2 pix/icons8-collaboration-100_white.png Equity vs equality How to distinguish equity from equality active wip 3 xml_multi_dd_row Are you sure you know how to avoid micro insults? Are you really fair to everyone? What is the difference between equality and equity? equality = each individual or group of people is given the same resources or opportunities equity = recognizes that each person has different circumstances and allocates the exact resources and opportunities needed to reach an equal outcome
visual aid
→ match the descriptions with the categories → which situation(s) in the descriptions may call for better equity, or vice-versa? → which situation(s) in the descriptions might be considered as politically incorrect, or be perceived as a micro insult? ]]> 45 8 left visual aid ]]> 1;3;4 2;5;6;7;8 84 5 Role play active role_play pix/icons8-theatre-mask-100_white.png You have been invited to debate about the glass ceiling in business and politics. → practise the subjunctive → recycle new expressions and language You don't believe the glass ceiling is still a reality in the 21st century. ✓ nowadays boards across the world recommend HR be aware of discriminatory practices ✓ they have been advising businesses be a role model for decades ✓ finding an inclusive environment in either politics or business needn't be such a gruelling process any more ✓ best practice suggests any CEO go back to the drawing board if they exhibit bias ← subjunctive You have witnessed multiple cases of gender discrimination in both international organisations and joint ventures. ✓ you'd expect remuneration be more transparent but... ✓ it is advisable boards review their policies ✓ equal rights are not a given, even in political organisations! ✓ whoever you are, you'd still need to elbow your way in ✓ pick your fights 83 fortitude = courage shown by sb who is suffering great pain or facing great difficulties to instil ~ sth (in / into sb) = to gradually make sb feel, think or behave in a particular way over a period of time to surpass = to do or be better than sb/sth to settle for = to accept sth that is not completely satisfactory but is the best that is available 82 are overcoming are outperforming | surpassing their parents ]]> 20260330 10:15-11:15 MSK | 11:15-12:15 SAMT 1.5 2500 active Christine Lagarde: You have to pick your fights and really persist | Making suggestions By the end of this session you will have studied Christine Lagarde: You have to pick your fights and really persist → watch the video → answer the questions (cont. from qs 5) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9p1wJhUjINk zoom_meeting.png Zoom meeting details Profi.ru - D.Potter Zoom Meeting (recurring) Meeting ID: 765 1187 4648 Password: pFGjq3 https://us04web.zoom.us/j/76511874648?pwd=pqq81L5Zbdw6lT8hToYVMKUIJsisYn.1 ]]> Christine Lagarde: You Have To Pick Your Fights And Really Persist C1 Politics 81 3 Christine Lagarde: You Have To Pick Your Fights And Really Persist | Fortune active wip edit_ol_qa prep_ol_qa pix/icons8-movie-100_white.png Christine Lagarde: You Have To Pick Your Fights And Really Persist | Fortune Christine Lagarde on the challenges encountered and lessons learned becoming the Managing Director of the International Monetary Fund https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9p1wJhUjINk → watch the video → answer the questions]]> Introduction well good evening we are so delighted to have m madame lagard um and I we've tried a few times before and I want to give a good shout out to our mutual friend Ambassador Sue Schwab for convincing you to come so Andy shared with us obviously needless to say there's a lot of financial crisis issues that we have to deal with um in this conversation but as is our prerogative at most powerful Women's Summit we want to get to know you a little bit first and Andy started that process and of course everybody knows the firsts about you the first chair of bigam mcken Law Firm first uh uh Finance Minister of a G8 country first female IMF um director but there are a lot of little known facts about your time here in America um you did work for William Cohen where you you opened mail during the Watergate period uh where you got to from French Canadian citizens from Maine and you had to do impeach Nixon don't impeach Nixon that was sort of your job um the other interesting thing about about you is that you spent a year at Holton arms you were pretty daring you smoked cigarettes you use chamomile in your hair to make it blonder um you ate copia amounts of yogurt but here's the most interesting fact to me you hated math and in fact in the yearbook you said please no more math how did someone who hates math become the most important woman on the International Financial [Laughter] scene well thank you very much for the Interview process for IMF job introduction uh I did and actually I think I still do um but I think the way math was taught both at Halton and prior to that in in in French school was certainly not conducive to uh you know people not so inclined to actually like math um when I when I then studied law and and economics actually a bit um there are lots of things that things that I liked about having a more scientific approach but I still don't like math to this day and uh I'm delighted that I have really fantastic econometrist experts in modeling people who know it all about math and I listen to them and I pick their brain it gives us all hope as math haters so you know when you went to interview for this the IMF job it wasn't just a given I mean you went through a pretty grueling process can you describe that well the process had to do with um having the support of as many countries as possible and um there were a few competitors to begin with the most serious one was my friend Austin Ken who is now the governor of the Central Bank of Mexico so he was zigzagging the world in One Direction and I was zigzagging the world in the other direction to make sure that we did not meet uh and yet we had to cover the same essentially the same authorities and the same countries around the world so I never traveled as extensively as I did at that time and then that was followed once the sort of the short list was was arrived at that was followed by an interview with with members of the board which was quite quite an experience because that board still today only has one it's a board of 24 members and there is only one woman on the board who is there are a few alternates but as far as members are concerned there's only one female member and that's the US Representative but that day uh Meg had to attend the article for review with Treasury and and fed so she was not sitting at the table as a result of which I was interviewed by 24 men which was you know an interesting phenomenon when you are yourself Minister of Finance you've handled the presidency by front of the G20 you've gone through the crisis of 2008 2009 and there you are facing you know 24 very cous respect respectful and nice men um it came as a shock yeah and was did you have to cram I mean was it a difficult learning process to get through that it was exhausting because prior to the 24 U board setting I had to spend half an hour with each of the 24 over a course of two two days so that was that was a bit so nothing comes easy even in your life no no no and it's interesting I some career choice choices have been made or at least one was made for you in that the male dominated um French school that and I that that turns out French politicians and and bureaucrats and so forth you were turned down twice by that school um talk about that but also some career choices that decisions that you've had to make along the way and what was the best advice you ever got well I think having been turned down twice first time for incompetency the second for um for having missed the deadline what do you mean by that incompetency in what well I was I wasn't prepared enough I hadn't studied hard enough and I was I was in love that year so I spent a lot more time so and the second time around I I missed the deadline and I think that was a you know missed you know whether that was a good turnout of of things or not I don't know but fce to say that I went back a few years later and uh I was asked to give a speech to those young bright kids from Ina and I have to say that that day I felt really really powerful you know I had flunked and there I was coming to tell them about the uh legalization of society or some really obscure matter that they had no interest in actually um but you know two things that I take away from that is you failed somewhere you know bounce back get on with it have a few drinks or whatever uh takes you away from that but move on don't don't don't don't you know start um don't feel sorry about yourself don't lose confidence just move on move to something else um the second time I felt exactly the same is when I I interviewed in Paris at the time for one of the top uh law firms and and I had all the credentials and I had done all the right things and the resume was fine and I was behaving properly and all the rest of it and the hiring partner who was also the managing partner said to me well we'll we'll we'll take you we'll take you as an associate but don't expect ever to make partnership and that was a really really very high standing you know excellent law firm and I said well why is that that was back in 7 in 79 and he said well because you're a woman so again you know I packed my things and I just run I didn't want to have anything to do with these people so sometimes you have to pick your fight and and really persist but on other occasions if people don't deserve you just go move on yeah did you get advice along the way or Advice from mentors did you create your advice you know in those days uh there were not many uh not much by way of mentoring coaching and and support so I had uh I had my mother to support me and she was a she was an extraordinary uh support I and you lost your father when you were just 16 yeah and I constantly opposed my mother but she was nonetheless a great support and I didn't really know it but she was a role model and I constantly had my fights with her but that's we we often do that daughters and mother's relationships are complicated um but then I was hired by a a female partner at Becka McKenzie and she was a role model for me she was uh she was a strongest she was in my view the best lawyer in the uh in the firm and she was always discreetly in those days you had to do things quite discreetly she would support the young female Associates and elegant I think you said she was she was yeah yeah always yeah um you I'm going to let you say this in French you've referred to this that sort of bite the bullet and keep smiling you say it um it's greet your teeth and smile grit your teeth and smile so that's a phrase I I believe you learned during synchronized swimming a sport that you took up which is interestingly enough you took it up in 1968 when the schools were shut down over a student protest right um but you went into synchronized swimming right um you've also said that as a woman you have to Elbow your way in what's an example in recent years or especially at the IMF where you've had to apply both those or either of those precepts you know I'm not sure I would say elbow your way in because I in that there is something of you know sort of push people out of your way I think you can very much uh progress and and make your way as hton would say in wakam if you remember yeah um for those Stand your ground who don't speak Latin on a day-to-day basis it's you know I'll I'll I'll find my way if I don't find it I will make it so I think you can actually make your way you can you can um Follow Your Destiny without necessarily being aggressive without pushing people you can you can let other people progress as well along the way but you should not shy away from the things that you are you feel strongly about and I'll give you an example when we had um you know we had to deal with Greece uh quite a lot in the last few years and back two years ago we had great difficulties is about you know what was the next step and was the debt sustainable or not and over what period of time would it become sustainable and there was a lot of um a lot of disagreement a lot of controversy a lot of political ganging uh on on that particular topic but I knew we we were right I knew we had checked the numbers times and and again and I knew that the debt sustainability analysis that we were producing was sound solid and and and was a good principle on which to build to help that country restore it the situation so I stood my ground and when Angela Merkel said oh Christine you know how can you be so certain a debt sustainability analysis is only a debt sustainability analysis after all and I said yeah but that's what where you want to Anchor everything you do and if you throw you know zillion in a country you want to have a good anchoring point so that to me was a bit of a defining moment when we stood our ground other members of the troa were not necessarily as convinced as we were but it wasn't elbowing my way it was saying we've done it we've reviewed it it's it's solid in terms of analysis and we have to build around it and you got some heat for that and you got some heat for suggesting that the Greek um the Greek style of paying taxes probably wasn't up to enough and you got some heat when you said that the European Banks were under capitalized let's take that sharp eye to Europe right now and tell us what needs to be done a lot needs to be done but I want to because it's easy to do to to go for the Euro bashing that that's that's been the game for the last two years and uh they have done an awful lot for people who don't understand Europe they don't they don't understand what they've done but you know I've been Finance Minister for four years and they have done a lot what they need to do today is keep up keep up the work keep up the reform that they have started doing you know that's the case for product and service Market it's the case for labor market it's the case particularly uh in the uh in in the banking sector there's a lot of uh fragmentation still going on there is not a good monetary transmission going on they have to work on that they have to continue the job that they have started they will be doing a lot of um what they call balance sheet assessment asset quality review stress testing and all the rest of it I don't think we should start from the basis that then they're going to do a bad job we should give them the credit of wanting to do it seriously wanting to coordinate the work from the ECB where Mario Mario dragy has done an extraordinary job to rescue that zone but now that they they want to do it it's going to be messy there will be obstacles there will be uh hiccups on the way there will be bumps on the road the media will say how terrible it is at the end of the day they will make it I'm convinced of it and I think that there is the political will the political urge to actually keep it together those people some of them have suffered in their flesh in their family from what's happened uh back 70 years ago they're not going to let it drop like that because of lack of Courage their courage will be eventually there to to respond to the uh the challenge it's a huge challenge you bring 18 countries together I'm talking about the Euro Zone here you bring 18 countries with 18 different flags 18 different national anthems 18 different defense and you ask them to have one single currency one single set of fiscal policies that are compatible with each other and to bring their banking system Under One Roof with one resolution system it's a a job yeah Time is short I I'd love to go beyond this there's so much more to say about this but um time is short so we do have to uh turn your attention a little closer to this town um I thought of your turn your your precept uh grit my teeth when you had all the ministers here this weekend and you watched what was going on on the hill um I wonder you know but you've also spent a lot of time here and understand the political system here were you not sure explaining it or tearing your hair out or you don't you don't you don't understand it go ahead you know what what was complicated Unconventional monetary policy this week actually is that we had about 300 Ministers of finance and governance of Central Bank from all all around the world and we had you know we had a focus which was essentially unconventional monetary policy and consequences for the rest of the world how do we develop anchor the recovery how do we make sure that Emerging Markets are going to continue to do well without suffering from tapering and d d d and and the only thing that was on their mind was when is this going to end what what is this discussion about the debt ceiling and it was it it really uh completely overwhelmed the discussion and it's it's Debt ceiling believe me it's it's difficult to explain u i mean you can explain the the the the sort of direct fiscal consequences you can try to imagine what the indirect consequences will be you can try to speculate about what a message will be on the markets you can imagine the accident you can assume that it's going to be worse than previous events but it's difficult to explain the rationale behind it and you've warned of course over the last couple days of massive disruption if Thursday passes and um there isn't a deal but what if there is a deal which most likely will happen where the deadlines just pushed off for another two months another three months doesn't that create an uncertainty in the markets in and of itself what's the danger of putting off the deadline what going to be to put Susan Collins and her friends back back US economy and Senator kobar yes uh back to the drawing board yet again because I think that uh it it will reactivate the same sort of trepidation anxiety and and worries what's amazing is that the United States of America first largest economy in the world is still and will probably continue to be regarded as a as a safe heaven to which can flow back when there is trouble now you know it's a bit like a rubber band when you you pull you pull you pull you pull it works it works it works and but who wants to take the risk of that breaking so again so there's danger to even putting off the deadline till a January or you just reactivate the same debate over right and is there a danger to the economy the US economy and the world economy by not addressing the debt US debt mean and I don't mean like I don't I mean like not not you know taking steps to address the US debt did you consider that a a a damper on the economic growth yeah that that's I mean it's it's a it's the most serious thing that could happen if if it is not addressed if it's not um tackled tackled it it will it will be um very very damaging and not just for the US economy for for all economies I guess I mean like in you know reform to you know bring spending and and and and borrowing into line do you consider that is the well that's that's another debate you know I think the most critical one is the issue of the debt sealing okay that's the issue of you know default no default what's a technical default what's a real default and so on and so forth but so that's what you're talking that's the most urgent matter the rest the fiscal policy of the United States of America I summarize it for my simple as um you know slow down but hurry Fiscal policy up and describe that well slowdown means um no brutal um heavy duty uh fiscal consolidation in the short run because you're going to prevent recovery from taking roots and and cons and and strengthening but hurry up to take the measures now that are going to deal with the um the the long-term liabilities that will come to haunt the United States back in 2020 whether it's entitlement or whether it's high interests that will come to haunt the economy in the in in 2020 if nothing is done before so that's why we say hurry up do do it now because it will produce results in the years to come and it will address the situation that would otherwise be very difficult in 2020 there's a lot of talk about a new normal in the US and in frankly in the global economy where we're going to have um even when we have econ economic growth it's not going to be followed by job growth do you see unemployment rates getting to pre-recession levels and at what Unemployment point if you look at numbers in this country and if you look at unemployment numbers it has progressed enormously it's gone from the highest at 10% down to 7.3% so take granted the participation rate is probably lower and the number that we should also look at is employment numbers uh but there has been progress and and jobs are being created it's the same in other countries not very fast in in Europe and in the Euro Zone in particular but U you know there are signs of of Hope where those jobs will be what will be the job content how the economic model is going to change uh to you know to what uh business model are we heading to I think we we are facing huge transitions at the moment and um that better have because otherwise we're not just facing economic problems we'll be facing social problems and you've warned about um a rush to the exit for the fed's what you call unconventional monetary policies $85 billion a month in in the QE program um is that something you communicated to Ben banki before their decision to stay the course you know central banks are Central Banks independent um but what I have said including in Jackson Hall where all Central bankers get together is that given that the fed's decisions has impact across the world it would be appropriate not just to communicate well uh not just to gradually phase out but also to cooperate with other Central Bankers so that they understand what precautions they have to take uh what consequences uh it will be for them and they can prepare better so so I'm not sure they all happy to to cooperate I think I think they would be well advised to do so but and I know you wanted to mention um the IMF came out with a gender study which is the first time I believe that you've looked at the impact of gender in the world economy um can you talk about Japan in particular was an interesting case study of what for cultural reasons women aren't in that economy to the level they are other in other industrialized countries what has that done to growth in Japan I'm looking at it the other way what Growth in Japan could it give to growth uh in Japan and we we just recently published for the first time a study that is called women work and the economy but we also did a special chapter on Japan because Japan has a very specific issue they have an aging population they're not particularly um immigration prone they say the least and currently Japanese women are not participating in society as much as the average oecd country so the resources that the Japanese people can tap into are the Japanese women but for all sorts of reasons including cultural lack of um institutions that can help with uh child care and uh and a general sort of attitude of society towards uh female participation it's not happening now as a follow-up to that study that we published exactly a year ago I'm pleased to report that maybe not attributable to us but prime minister Abbe has made it part of his budget and commitment to actually really fund child care centers in Japan and to encourage women to join the workforce they are far better educated than Japanese male uh they really can contribute to uh the growth of society and by our account and I don't claim the math credit to it but the teams are are doing it the the GDP of Japan could increase by about 9% just as a result of their participation and that before the end of the decade so that's really help important two more Quotas quick questions before we get the cane um you and quick answer to this you've gone from describing quotas for women in EUR in terms of Europe uh for women board members is offensive to saying it should be a temporary measure at least correct what should be a temporary measure I'm sorry quotas for um women and board members yes sorry on you Europe we're back to Europe real quick yeah yeah yeah so you think they're important as a temporary measure but look it's it's working um when when I was Finance Minister we uh supported a a bill that went through uh that requires that there be at least 20% women on the board of companies uh by 2014 and that they be 20% um 40% by 2020 theyve ex exceeded the threshold of 20% already so I think quotas should not be a longlasting feature because we can do better than that uh but at least in the first stage when you have such a big step uh to to to take yes temporarily I think it's it's very helpful and we should use it it will be used by the way on the paneuropean basis since you won't answer this last question I'll ask the audience to answer it um Madame lagard is French president oh thank thank you so much it's been an honor thank you thank [Applause] you When you went to interview for this IMF job it wasn't just a given. ]]> ✓ demanding responsibilities at such high level ✓ national & international professional recognition is not a guarantee → need to gather support from as many organisations as possible ✓ board consisted of 24 members and only one woman [03:50] → shows realistic expectations as to eligibility He was zigzagging the world in one direction, and I was zigzagging the world in the other direction to make sure that we did not meet. And yet, we had to cover essentially the same authorities and the same countries around the world ]]> ✓ was competing with a friend, Austin Ken, now governor of the Central Bank of Mexico ✓ avoided a conflict of interest → displayed political correctness I was interviewed by 24 men, which was - you know - an interesting phenomenon when you are yourself Minister of Finance, you've handled the presidency by front of the G20, you've gone through the crisis of 2008 2009 and there you are, facing - you know - 24 very respectful and nice men, it came as a shock. ]]> ✓ shocking gender imbalance ✓ questionable impartiality of the panel → exhibits diplomatic stance to old-fashioned, institutional discrimination (...)things that I take away from that is (if) you failed somewhere, you know, bounce back, get on with it, have a few drinks, or whatever takes you away from that, but move on]]> ✓ do not blame yourself ✓ don't lose confidence → be resilient 'We'll take you as an associate but don't expect ever to make partnership' That was a really, really very high standing - you know - excellent law firm, and I said: 'Well, why is that?' That was back in '79 and he said: 'Well, because you're a woman' So, again - you know - I packed my things and I just ran, I didn't want to have anything to do with these people. So, sometimes, you have to pick your fight, and really persist, but on other occasions, if people don't deserve you, just go - move on! ]]> ✓ most women would have gone mad at such gender discrimination 〆no time or energy to fight every little wrong or injustice → choose wisely which battles are worth time and energy to engage in ✓ it would have taken too much effort for relatively little gain → might be better letting it go and finding a more worthy battle to fight = be rational, practical I'm not sure I would say elbow your way in, because, in that, there is something of - you know - sort of push people out of your way. I think you can very much progress and make your way as Horton would say in Latin if you remember - for those who don't speak Latin on a day-to-day basis, Stand your ground ]]> ✓ doesn't want to be perceived as a street fighter or maverick despite difficulties ✓ don't shy away from what you believe in either → displays only justified assertiveness = quite diplomatic stance ✓ Horton v. State (2020), a Florida case where the defendant, Steven Horton, attempted to use Florida's "Stand Your Ground" law to dismiss charges, according to Florida District Court of Appeal documents ✓ Florida Law (0.4.16): Allows individuals who are not engaged in unlawful activity and are attacked in a place they have a right to be to meet force with force, including deadly force, without a duty to retreat When Angela Merkel said: Oh, Christine, you know! How can you be so certain? A debt sustainability analysis is only a debt sustainability analysis after all! And I said: 'Yeah, but that's what where you want to anchor everything you do.' And if you throw - you know - a zillion in a country, you want to have a good anchoring point! So, that to me was a bit of a defining moment when we stood our ground. Other members of the board were not necessarily as convinced as we were but it wasn't elbowing my way! It was saying: 'We've done it, we've reviewed it, it's solid in terms of analysis and we have to build around it. ]]> ✓ thorough analysis was unquestionable and not just attempting to convince (by 'elbowing in') → gained confidence → made an anchoring point = defining point regarding credibility ✓ make sure any anchoring point lives up to your reputation to live up to = to meet the requirements or expectations of The resources that the Japanese people can tap into are the Japanese women but for all sorts of reasons, including cultural, lack of institutions that can help with child care, and a general sort of attitude of society towards female participation. Prime minister Abbe has made it part of his budget and commitment to actually really fund child care centres in Japan, and to encourage women to join the workforce. They are far better educated than Japanese male, they really can contribute to the growth of society, and by our account - and I don't claim the math credit to it but the teams are doing it - the GDP of Japan could increase by about 9% just as a result of their participation, and that before the end of the decade. ]]> ✓ ageing population ✓ not prone to immigration ✓ smallest share of female employment among OECD members ✓ acknowledges cultural disparities → suggests more equal rights based on social & economic facts rather than political trends & emotions ≠ feminist approach → remain analytical even in the light of obvious bias 80 20221005-1805 Making suggestions active grammar 79 4 Use of language active textbook Do you remember Christine Lagarde's use of language? When I was Finance Minister, we supported a bill that went through that requires that there be at least 20% women on the board of companies by 2014 and that they be 40% by 2020 What form is it? ✓ subjunctive ]]> 78 20190418-1837 Practice: Subjunctive active review grammar_subjunctive_and_unreal_past_selection_c1_01.csv 77 5 Role play active role_play pix/icons8-theatre-mask-100_white.png You have been invited to debate about the glass ceiling in business and politics. → practise the subjunctive → recycle new expressions and language You don't believe the glass ceiling is still a reality in the 21st century. ✓ nowadays boards across the world recommend HR be aware of discriminatory practices ✓ they have been advising businesses be a role model for decades ✓ finding an inclusive environment in either politics or business needn't be such a gruelling process any more ✓ best practice suggests any CEO go back to the drawing board if they exhibit bias ← subjunctive You have witnessed multiple cases of gender discrimination in both international organisations and joint ventures. ✓ you'd expect remuneration be more transparent but... ✓ it is advisable boards review their policies ✓ equal rights are not a given, even in political organisations! ✓ whoever you are, you'd still need to elbow your way in ✓ pick your fights 76 Trans-Tasman relations = foreign relations between neighbouring countries Australia and New Zealand to be a given = something that is certain to happen or to be to pick one's fights = to choose which conflicts or issues are truly worth your time, energy, and effort instead of fighting every little wrong or injustice; also means knowing when to raise issues versus letting them go gruelling = very difficult and tiring, needing great effort for a long time back to the drawing board = used to indicate that an idea, scheme, or proposal has been unsuccessful and that a new one must be devised to haunt = to continue to cause problems for sb for a long time to bite the bullet = to decide to do something difficult or unpleasant that one has been putting off or hesitating over to live up to = to meet the requirements or expectations of GCC = the Gulf Cooperation Council is a political and economic union of six Arab states bordering the Persian Gulf: Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Established in 1981, this regional bloc aims to foster economic, security, and cultural cooperation among its members 75 quit give up (before even starting) If you will fight every dog which barks with at you, you will never win... In comparance comparison with what is worth... In case if someone attacks you ]]> 20260327 10:15-11:15 MSK | 11:15-12:15 SAMT 1.5 2500 active Christine Lagarde: You have to pick your fights and really persist By the end of this session you will have studied Christine Lagarde: You have to pick your fights and really persist → watch the video → answer the questions https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9p1wJhUjINk zoom_meeting.png Zoom meeting details Profi.ru - D.Potter Zoom Meeting (recurring) Meeting ID: 765 1187 4648 Password: pFGjq3 https://us04web.zoom.us/j/76511874648?pwd=pqq81L5Zbdw6lT8hToYVMKUIJsisYn.1 ]]> Christine Lagarde: You Have To Pick Your Fights And Really Persist C1 Politics 74 1 Gender gap in politics active edit_ol_qa pix/icons8-collaboration-100_white.png Is gender gap still a reality among white collars? visual Answer the questions.]]> What could explain the gender gap in politics in the 21st century? ✓ traditions ✓ prejudice in the field of decision-making ✓ glass ceiling ✓ cultural values (e.g. in Japan) glass ceiling = ceiling based on attitudinal or organizational bias in the work force that prevents minorities and women from advancing to leadership positions Do you believe women have any traits that are more relevant to politics than men's? ✓ empathy → better facilitator ✓ those who make it into politics are bound to feature more determination than men empathy = ability to understand another person's feelings, experience, etc What would you expect to learn from prominent female politicians such as M.Thatcher, U.von der Leyen, C.Lagarde? ✓ both anecdotal hurdles and success stories → go ahead no matter what people say or think of you ✓ evidence of disparate gender roles → acknowledge strengths & weaknesses without being excessively feminist about it 73 2 A G20 - IMF facts wip quiz matching pix/icons8-dictionary-100_white.png G20 is an intergovernmental forum comprising {~19 =20 ~21} sovereign countries, the European Union (EU), and the {=African Union ~EuroAsian Economic Union ~South American ~Trans-Tasma Economic Area}. It works to address major issues related to the global economy, such as international financial stability, climate change {~eradication ~facilitation =mitigation} and sustainable development. The International Monetary Fund (IMF) is a major financial agency of the {~USA =United Nations ~European Union}, and an international financial institution funded by {~18 ~21 =191} member countries. It is regarded as the global {=lender ~borrower ~collateral} of last resort to national governments, and a leading supporter of exchange-rate stability. The IMF stated mission is "working to foster global {~fiscal ~military =monetary} cooperation, secure financial stability, {=facilitate ~strictly regulate ~deregulate} international trade, promote high employment and sustainable economic growth, and reduce {~taxes ~military conflicts =poverty} around the world. 72 2 B Target vocab wip quiz matching pix/icons8-dictionary-100_white.png something that is certain to happen or to be {=to be a given ~to be taken ~to be a written} very difficult and tiring, needing great effort for a long time {=gruelling ~grumbling ~grafting} to decide to do something difficult or unpleasant that one has been putting off or hesitating over {=to bite the bullet ~to kick the bullet ~to swallow the bullet} 71 3 Christine Lagarde: You Have To Pick Your Fights And Really Persist | Fortune active wip edit_ol_qa prep_ol_qa pix/icons8-movie-100_white.png Christine Lagarde: You Have To Pick Your Fights And Really Persist | Fortune Christine Lagarde on the challenges encountered and lessons learned becoming the Managing Director of the International Monetary Fund https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9p1wJhUjINk → watch the video → answer the questions]]> Introduction well good evening we are so delighted to have m madame lagard um and I we've tried a few times before and I want to give a good shout out to our mutual friend Ambassador Sue Schwab for convincing you to come so Andy shared with us obviously needless to say there's a lot of financial crisis issues that we have to deal with um in this conversation but as is our prerogative at most powerful Women's Summit we want to get to know you a little bit first and Andy started that process and of course everybody knows the firsts about you the first chair of bigam mcken Law Firm first uh uh Finance Minister of a G8 country first female IMF um director but there are a lot of little known facts about your time here in America um you did work for William Cohen where you you opened mail during the Watergate period uh where you got to from French Canadian citizens from Maine and you had to do impeach Nixon don't impeach Nixon that was sort of your job um the other interesting thing about about you is that you spent a year at Holton arms you were pretty daring you smoked cigarettes you use chamomile in your hair to make it blonder um you ate copia amounts of yogurt but here's the most interesting fact to me you hated math and in fact in the yearbook you said please no more math how did someone who hates math become the most important woman on the International Financial [Laughter] scene well thank you very much for the Interview process for IMF job introduction uh I did and actually I think I still do um but I think the way math was taught both at Halton and prior to that in in in French school was certainly not conducive to uh you know people not so inclined to actually like math um when I when I then studied law and and economics actually a bit um there are lots of things that things that I liked about having a more scientific approach but I still don't like math to this day and uh I'm delighted that I have really fantastic econometrist experts in modeling people who know it all about math and I listen to them and I pick their brain it gives us all hope as math haters so you know when you went to interview for this the IMF job it wasn't just a given I mean you went through a pretty grueling process can you describe that well the process had to do with um having the support of as many countries as possible and um there were a few competitors to begin with the most serious one was my friend Austin Ken who is now the governor of the Central Bank of Mexico so he was zigzagging the world in One Direction and I was zigzagging the world in the other direction to make sure that we did not meet uh and yet we had to cover the same essentially the same authorities and the same countries around the world so I never traveled as extensively as I did at that time and then that was followed once the sort of the short list was was arrived at that was followed by an interview with with members of the board which was quite quite an experience because that board still today only has one it's a board of 24 members and there is only one woman on the board who is there are a few alternates but as far as members are concerned there's only one female member and that's the US Representative but that day uh Meg had to attend the article for review with Treasury and and fed so she was not sitting at the table as a result of which I was interviewed by 24 men which was you know an interesting phenomenon when you are yourself Minister of Finance you've handled the presidency by front of the G20 you've gone through the crisis of 2008 2009 and there you are facing you know 24 very cous respect respectful and nice men um it came as a shock yeah and was did you have to cram I mean was it a difficult learning process to get through that it was exhausting because prior to the 24 U board setting I had to spend half an hour with each of the 24 over a course of two two days so that was that was a bit so nothing comes easy even in your life no no no and it's interesting I some career choice choices have been made or at least one was made for you in that the male dominated um French school that and I that that turns out French politicians and and bureaucrats and so forth you were turned down twice by that school um talk about that but also some career choices that decisions that you've had to make along the way and what was the best advice you ever got well I think having been turned down twice first time for incompetency the second for um for having missed the deadline what do you mean by that incompetency in what well I was I wasn't prepared enough I hadn't studied hard enough and I was I was in love that year so I spent a lot more time so and the second time around I I missed the deadline and I think that was a you know missed you know whether that was a good turnout of of things or not I don't know but fce to say that I went back a few years later and uh I was asked to give a speech to those young bright kids from Ina and I have to say that that day I felt really really powerful you know I had flunked and there I was coming to tell them about the uh legalization of society or some really obscure matter that they had no interest in actually um but you know two things that I take away from that is you failed somewhere you know bounce back get on with it have a few drinks or whatever uh takes you away from that but move on don't don't don't don't you know start um don't feel sorry about yourself don't lose confidence just move on move to something else um the second time I felt exactly the same is when I I interviewed in Paris at the time for one of the top uh law firms and and I had all the credentials and I had done all the right things and the resume was fine and I was behaving properly and all the rest of it and the hiring partner who was also the managing partner said to me well we'll we'll we'll take you we'll take you as an associate but don't expect ever to make partnership and that was a really really very high standing you know excellent law firm and I said well why is that that was back in 7 in 79 and he said well because you're a woman so again you know I packed my things and I just run I didn't want to have anything to do with these people so sometimes you have to pick your fight and and really persist but on other occasions if people don't deserve you just go move on yeah did you get advice along the way or Advice from mentors did you create your advice you know in those days uh there were not many uh not much by way of mentoring coaching and and support so I had uh I had my mother to support me and she was a she was an extraordinary uh support I and you lost your father when you were just 16 yeah and I constantly opposed my mother but she was nonetheless a great support and I didn't really know it but she was a role model and I constantly had my fights with her but that's we we often do that daughters and mother's relationships are complicated um but then I was hired by a a female partner at Becka McKenzie and she was a role model for me she was uh she was a strongest she was in my view the best lawyer in the uh in the firm and she was always discreetly in those days you had to do things quite discreetly she would support the young female Associates and elegant I think you said she was she was yeah yeah always yeah um you I'm going to let you say this in French you've referred to this that sort of bite the bullet and keep smiling you say it um it's greet your teeth and smile grit your teeth and smile so that's a phrase I I believe you learned during synchronized swimming a sport that you took up which is interestingly enough you took it up in 1968 when the schools were shut down over a student protest right um but you went into synchronized swimming right um you've also said that as a woman you have to Elbow your way in what's an example in recent years or especially at the IMF where you've had to apply both those or either of those precepts you know I'm not sure I would say elbow your way in because I in that there is something of you know sort of push people out of your way I think you can very much uh progress and and make your way as hton would say in wakam if you remember yeah um for those Stand your ground who don't speak Latin on a day-to-day basis it's you know I'll I'll I'll find my way if I don't find it I will make it so I think you can actually make your way you can you can um Follow Your Destiny without necessarily being aggressive without pushing people you can you can let other people progress as well along the way but you should not shy away from the things that you are you feel strongly about and I'll give you an example when we had um you know we had to deal with Greece uh quite a lot in the last few years and back two years ago we had great difficulties is about you know what was the next step and was the debt sustainable or not and over what period of time would it become sustainable and there was a lot of um a lot of disagreement a lot of controversy a lot of political ganging uh on on that particular topic but I knew we we were right I knew we had checked the numbers times and and again and I knew that the debt sustainability analysis that we were producing was sound solid and and and was a good principle on which to build to help that country restore it the situation so I stood my ground and when Angela Merkel said oh Christine you know how can you be so certain a debt sustainability analysis is only a debt sustainability analysis after all and I said yeah but that's what where you want to Anchor everything you do and if you throw you know zillion in a country you want to have a good anchoring point so that to me was a bit of a defining moment when we stood our ground other members of the troa were not necessarily as convinced as we were but it wasn't elbowing my way it was saying we've done it we've reviewed it it's it's solid in terms of analysis and we have to build around it and you got some heat for that and you got some heat for suggesting that the Greek um the Greek style of paying taxes probably wasn't up to enough and you got some heat when you said that the European Banks were under capitalized let's take that sharp eye to Europe right now and tell us what needs to be done a lot needs to be done but I want to because it's easy to do to to go for the Euro bashing that that's that's been the game for the last two years and uh they have done an awful lot for people who don't understand Europe they don't they don't understand what they've done but you know I've been Finance Minister for four years and they have done a lot what they need to do today is keep up keep up the work keep up the reform that they have started doing you know that's the case for product and service Market it's the case for labor market it's the case particularly uh in the uh in in the banking sector there's a lot of uh fragmentation still going on there is not a good monetary transmission going on they have to work on that they have to continue the job that they have started they will be doing a lot of um what they call balance sheet assessment asset quality review stress testing and all the rest of it I don't think we should start from the basis that then they're going to do a bad job we should give them the credit of wanting to do it seriously wanting to coordinate the work from the ECB where Mario Mario dragy has done an extraordinary job to rescue that zone but now that they they want to do it it's going to be messy there will be obstacles there will be uh hiccups on the way there will be bumps on the road the media will say how terrible it is at the end of the day they will make it I'm convinced of it and I think that there is the political will the political urge to actually keep it together those people some of them have suffered in their flesh in their family from what's happened uh back 70 years ago they're not going to let it drop like that because of lack of Courage their courage will be eventually there to to respond to the uh the challenge it's a huge challenge you bring 18 countries together I'm talking about the Euro Zone here you bring 18 countries with 18 different flags 18 different national anthems 18 different defense and you ask them to have one single currency one single set of fiscal policies that are compatible with each other and to bring their banking system Under One Roof with one resolution system it's a a job yeah Time is short I I'd love to go beyond this there's so much more to say about this but um time is short so we do have to uh turn your attention a little closer to this town um I thought of your turn your your precept uh grit my teeth when you had all the ministers here this weekend and you watched what was going on on the hill um I wonder you know but you've also spent a lot of time here and understand the political system here were you not sure explaining it or tearing your hair out or you don't you don't you don't understand it go ahead you know what what was complicated Unconventional monetary policy this week actually is that we had about 300 Ministers of finance and governance of Central Bank from all all around the world and we had you know we had a focus which was essentially unconventional monetary policy and consequences for the rest of the world how do we develop anchor the recovery how do we make sure that Emerging Markets are going to continue to do well without suffering from tapering and d d d and and the only thing that was on their mind was when is this going to end what what is this discussion about the debt ceiling and it was it it really uh completely overwhelmed the discussion and it's it's Debt ceiling believe me it's it's difficult to explain u i mean you can explain the the the the sort of direct fiscal consequences you can try to imagine what the indirect consequences will be you can try to speculate about what a message will be on the markets you can imagine the accident you can assume that it's going to be worse than previous events but it's difficult to explain the rationale behind it and you've warned of course over the last couple days of massive disruption if Thursday passes and um there isn't a deal but what if there is a deal which most likely will happen where the deadlines just pushed off for another two months another three months doesn't that create an uncertainty in the markets in and of itself what's the danger of putting off the deadline what going to be to put Susan Collins and her friends back back US economy and Senator kobar yes uh back to the drawing board yet again because I think that uh it it will reactivate the same sort of trepidation anxiety and and worries what's amazing is that the United States of America first largest economy in the world is still and will probably continue to be regarded as a as a safe heaven to which can flow back when there is trouble now you know it's a bit like a rubber band when you you pull you pull you pull you pull it works it works it works and but who wants to take the risk of that breaking so again so there's danger to even putting off the deadline till a January or you just reactivate the same debate over right and is there a danger to the economy the US economy and the world economy by not addressing the debt US debt mean and I don't mean like I don't I mean like not not you know taking steps to address the US debt did you consider that a a a damper on the economic growth yeah that that's I mean it's it's a it's the most serious thing that could happen if if it is not addressed if it's not um tackled tackled it it will it will be um very very damaging and not just for the US economy for for all economies I guess I mean like in you know reform to you know bring spending and and and and borrowing into line do you consider that is the well that's that's another debate you know I think the most critical one is the issue of the debt sealing okay that's the issue of you know default no default what's a technical default what's a real default and so on and so forth but so that's what you're talking that's the most urgent matter the rest the fiscal policy of the United States of America I summarize it for my simple as um you know slow down but hurry Fiscal policy up and describe that well slowdown means um no brutal um heavy duty uh fiscal consolidation in the short run because you're going to prevent recovery from taking roots and and cons and and strengthening but hurry up to take the measures now that are going to deal with the um the the long-term liabilities that will come to haunt the United States back in 2020 whether it's entitlement or whether it's high interests that will come to haunt the economy in the in in 2020 if nothing is done before so that's why we say hurry up do do it now because it will produce results in the years to come and it will address the situation that would otherwise be very difficult in 2020 there's a lot of talk about a new normal in the US and in frankly in the global economy where we're going to have um even when we have econ economic growth it's not going to be followed by job growth do you see unemployment rates getting to pre-recession levels and at what Unemployment point if you look at numbers in this country and if you look at unemployment numbers it has progressed enormously it's gone from the highest at 10% down to 7.3% so take granted the participation rate is probably lower and the number that we should also look at is employment numbers uh but there has been progress and and jobs are being created it's the same in other countries not very fast in in Europe and in the Euro Zone in particular but U you know there are signs of of Hope where those jobs will be what will be the job content how the economic model is going to change uh to you know to what uh business model are we heading to I think we we are facing huge transitions at the moment and um that better have because otherwise we're not just facing economic problems we'll be facing social problems and you've warned about um a rush to the exit for the fed's what you call unconventional monetary policies $85 billion a month in in the QE program um is that something you communicated to Ben banki before their decision to stay the course you know central banks are Central Banks independent um but what I have said including in Jackson Hall where all Central bankers get together is that given that the fed's decisions has impact across the world it would be appropriate not just to communicate well uh not just to gradually phase out but also to cooperate with other Central Bankers so that they understand what precautions they have to take uh what consequences uh it will be for them and they can prepare better so so I'm not sure they all happy to to cooperate I think I think they would be well advised to do so but and I know you wanted to mention um the IMF came out with a gender study which is the first time I believe that you've looked at the impact of gender in the world economy um can you talk about Japan in particular was an interesting case study of what for cultural reasons women aren't in that economy to the level they are other in other industrialized countries what has that done to growth in Japan I'm looking at it the other way what Growth in Japan could it give to growth uh in Japan and we we just recently published for the first time a study that is called women work and the economy but we also did a special chapter on Japan because Japan has a very specific issue they have an aging population they're not particularly um immigration prone they say the least and currently Japanese women are not participating in society as much as the average oecd country so the resources that the Japanese people can tap into are the Japanese women but for all sorts of reasons including cultural lack of um institutions that can help with uh child care and uh and a general sort of attitude of society towards uh female participation it's not happening now as a follow-up to that study that we published exactly a year ago I'm pleased to report that maybe not attributable to us but prime minister Abbe has made it part of his budget and commitment to actually really fund child care centers in Japan and to encourage women to join the workforce they are far better educated than Japanese male uh they really can contribute to uh the growth of society and by our account and I don't claim the math credit to it but the teams are are doing it the the GDP of Japan could increase by about 9% just as a result of their participation and that before the end of the decade so that's really help important two more Quotas quick questions before we get the cane um you and quick answer to this you've gone from describing quotas for women in EUR in terms of Europe uh for women board members is offensive to saying it should be a temporary measure at least correct what should be a temporary measure I'm sorry quotas for um women and board members yes sorry on you Europe we're back to Europe real quick yeah yeah yeah so you think they're important as a temporary measure but look it's it's working um when when I was Finance Minister we uh supported a a bill that went through uh that requires that there be at least 20% women on the board of companies uh by 2014 and that they be 20% um 40% by 2020 theyve ex exceeded the threshold of 20% already so I think quotas should not be a longlasting feature because we can do better than that uh but at least in the first stage when you have such a big step uh to to to take yes temporarily I think it's it's very helpful and we should use it it will be used by the way on the paneuropean basis since you won't answer this last question I'll ask the audience to answer it um Madame lagard is French president oh thank thank you so much it's been an honor thank you thank [Applause] you When you went to interview for this IMF job it wasn't just a given. ]]> ✓ demanding responsibilities at such high level ✓ national & international professional recognition is not a guarantee → need to gather support from as many organisations as possible ✓ board consisted of 24 members and only one woman [03:50] → shows realistic expectations as to eligibility He was zigzagging the world in one direction, and I was zigzagging the world in the other direction to make sure that we did not meet. And yet, we had to cover essentially the same authorities and the same countries around the world ]]> ✓ was competing with a friend, Austin Ken, now governor of the Central Bank of Mexico ✓ avoided a conflict of interest → displayed political correctness I was interviewed by 24 men, which was - you know - an interesting phenomenon when you are yourself Minister of Finance, you've handled the presidency by front of the G20, you've gone through the crisis of 2008 2009 and there you are, facing - you know - 24 very respectful and nice men, it came as a shock. ]]> ✓ shocking gender imbalance ✓ questionable impartiality of the panel → exhibits diplomatic stance to old-fashioned, institutional discrimination (...)things that I take away from that is (if) you failed somewhere, you know, bounce back, get on with it, have a few drinks, or whatever takes you away from that, but move on]]> ✓ do not blame yourself ✓ don't lose confidence → be resilient 'We'll take you as an associate but don't expect ever to make partnership' That was a really, really very high standing - you know - excellent law firm, and I said: 'Well, why is that?' That was back in '79 and he said: 'Well, because you're a woman' So, again - you know - I packed my things and I just ran, I didn't want to have anything to do with these people. So, sometimes, you have to pick your fight, and really persist, but on other occasions, if people don't deserve you, just go - move on! ]]> ✓ most women would have gone mad at such gender discrimination 〆no time or energy to fight every little wrong or injustice → choose wisely which battles are worth time and energy to engage in ✓ it would have taken too much effort for relatively little gain → might be better letting it go and finding a more worthy battle to fight = be rational, practical I'm not sure I would say elbow your way in, because, in that, there is something of - you know - sort of push people out of your way. I think you can very much progress and make your way as Horton would say in Latin if you remember - for those who don't speak Latin on a day-to-day basis, Stand your ground ]]> ✓ doesn't want to be perceived as a street fighter or maverick despite difficulties ✓ don't shy away from what you believe in either → displays only justified assertiveness = quite diplomatic stance ✓ Horton v. State (2020), a Florida case where the defendant, Steven Horton, attempted to use Florida's "Stand Your Ground" law to dismiss charges, according to Florida District Court of Appeal documents ✓ Florida Law (0.4.16): Allows individuals who are not engaged in unlawful activity and are attacked in a place they have a right to be to meet force with force, including deadly force, without a duty to retreat When Angela Merkel said: Oh, Christine, you know! How can you be so certain? A debt sustainability analysis is only a debt sustainability analysis after all! And I said: 'Yeah, but that's what where you want to anchor everything you do.' And if you throw - you know - a zillion in a country, you want to have a good anchoring point! So, that to me was a bit of a defining moment when we stood our ground. Other members of the board were not necessarily as convinced as we were but it wasn't elbowing my way! It was saying: 'We've done it, we've reviewed it, it's solid in terms of analysis and we have to build around it. ]]> ✓ thorough analysis was unquestionable and not just attempting to convince (by 'elbowing in') → gained confidence → made an anchoring point = defining point regarding credibility ✓ make sure any anchoring point lives up to your reputation to live up to = to meet the requirements or expectations of The resources that the Japanese people can tap into are the Japanese women but for all sorts of reasons, including cultural, lack of institutions that can help with child care, and a general sort of attitude of society towards female participation. Prime minister Abbe has made it part of his budget and commitment to actually really fund child care centres in Japan, and to encourage women to join the workforce. They are far better educated than Japanese male, they really can contribute to the growth of society, and by our account - and I don't claim the math credit to it but the teams are doing it - the GDP of Japan could increase by about 9% just as a result of their participation, and that before the end of the decade. ]]> ✓ ageing population ✓ not prone to immigration ✓ smallest share of female employment among OECD members ✓ acknowledges cultural disparities → suggests more equal rights based on social & economic facts rather than political trends & emotions ≠ feminist approach → remain analytical even in the light of obvious bias 70 Trans-Tasman relations = foreign relations between neighbouring countries Australia and New Zealand to be a given = something that is certain to happen or to be to pick one's fights = to choose which conflicts or issues are truly worth your time, energy, and effort instead of fighting every little wrong or injustice; also means knowing when to raise issues versus letting them go gruelling = very difficult and tiring, needing great effort for a long time back to the drawing board = used to indicate that an idea, scheme, or proposal has been unsuccessful and that a new one must be devised to haunt = to continue to cause problems for sb for a long time to bite the bullet = to decide to do something difficult or unpleasant that one has been putting off or hesitating over to live up to = to meet the requirements or expectations of 69 too either If your grand mother is still in power active They're not full-scale a 100% | die-hard feminist ]]> prejudice /ˈpredʒudɪs/ determine /dɪˈtə:mɪn/ 20260323 10:15-11:15 MSK | 11:15-12:15 SAMT 1.5 2500 active 'Why is she still here?': Liz Truss and Keir Starmer's fiery exchange at PMQs | Christine Lagarde: You have to pick your fights and really persist Christine Lagarde: You have to pick your fights and really persist By the end of this session you will have studied Christine Lagarde: You have to pick your fights and really persist → watch the video https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9p1wJhUjINk zoom_meeting.png Zoom meeting details Profi.ru - D.Potter Zoom Meeting (recurring) Meeting ID: 765 1187 4648 Password: pFGjq3 https://us04web.zoom.us/j/76511874648?pwd=pqq81L5Zbdw6lT8hToYVMKUIJsisYn.1 ]]> 'Why is she still here?': Liz Truss and Keir Starmer's fiery exchange at PMQs C1 Politics 68 4 pix/icons8-dictionary-100_white.png Rhetorical exchanges active wip 3 xml_multi_dd_row How do you respond in rhetorical exchanges? Do you throw oil on the smouldering fire? 45 12 left 1;2;3 4;5;6 Apparently, it's going to be out by Christmas.
Is that the release date or the title? Mr Speaker, last week the Prime Minister ignored every question put to her.
She repeatedly criticized Labour's plan for a six-month freeze on energy bills.
This week the chancellor made it her policy. Last week, the Prime Minister stood there and promised absolutely no spending reductions. They all cheered.
This week, the chancellor announced a new wave of cuts.
What's the point of a prime minister whose promises don't even last a week? I have been in office for just under two months and I have delivered the energy price guarantee(...)
I've reversed the National Insurance increase, and I've also taken steps, and we will be taking steps to crack down on the militant unions.
I think, Mr Speaker, that is more of a record of action than the honourable gentleman in his two and a half years in the job. I'm somebody who's prepared to front up
I'm prepared to take the tough decisions unlike the honourable gentleman who hasn't done anything on businesses.
He's done nothing to say or protect people after one year.
He's got no plan. The labour party has pledged hundreds of billions of spending. Pledges none of which they've retracted.
The honourable gentleman needs to reflect the economic reality in his policy. ]]> K.Starmer A book is being written about the prime minister's time in office.
Apparently, it's going to be out by Christmas.
Is that the release date or the title? ✓ sarcasm Mr Speaker, last week the Prime Minister ignored every question put to her. ✓ allegation She repeatedly criticized Labour's plan for a six-month freeze on energy bills.
This week the chancellor made it her policy. ✓ contradictory fact Last week, the Prime Minister stood there and promised absolutely no spending reductions. They all cheered.
This week, the chancellor announced a new wave of cuts.
What's the point of a prime minister whose promises don't even last a week? ✓ contradictory fact ✓ irony L.Truss I have been in office for just under two months and I have delivered the energy price guarantee(...)
I've reversed the National Insurance increase, and I've also taken steps, and we will be taking steps to crack down on the militant unions.
I think, Mr Speaker, that is more of a record of action than the honourable gentleman in his two and a half years in the job. ✓ facts ✓ rhetorical use of tenses to suggest determination 〆little convincing rhetorical contrast of 2 months vs 2 years I'm somebody who's prepared to front up
I'm prepared to take the tough decisions unlike the honourable gentleman who hasn't done anything on businesses. 〆too emotional (in contrast to the previous exchange) → don't say who you are but what you do 〆unsupported argumentation I'm prepared to take tough decisions ← she is bearing responsibility He's done nothing to say or protect people after one year.
He's got no plan. 〆not likely to be accurate → weakens credibility of her argumentation The labour party has pledged hundreds of billions of spending. Pledges none of which they've retracted.
The honourable gentleman needs to reflect the economic reality in his policy. 〆vague criticism 〆didn't identify problems need to reflect the economic reality ← blame the situation Devices used to denigrate the interlocutor ✓ reporting the interlocutor's words ✓ 3rd pers sing instead of 'you' The honourable gentleman Conclusions Keir Starmer ✓ named problems ✓ pointed to a few contradictions made by Liz Truss = factual approach ✓ didn't blame himself ✓ mocked his opponent = offensive stance → won the battle Liz Truss 〆didn't blame the situation but assumed responsibility 〆shouldn't have adopted a defensive, circumstantial stance → an offensive strategy would have been more effective Churchill I have nothing to offer but blood, toil, tears and sweat = acknowledged a difficult period ahead while preparing the nation to fight for victory against a "monstrous tyranny" → blame the situation = circumstantial excuse ]]> 67 5 Role play active role_play pix/icons8-theatre-mask-100_white.png Recycle new expressions and language.]]> You are a political leader in the opposition. Question the rationale, veracity and viability of decisions made by a member of the political party in power. Adopt a mocking, offensive strategy. Why have you...? Why are you...? Why will you...? Last year... last month... Last week... You claimed you would... but in effect you have... Why should we trust you when...? Your political party has been elected to take tough decisions. Take a defensive stance to address allegations of poor decision making voiced by the opposition. Blame the situation. Find circumstantial excuses. Our mandate has always been... it is always... and will always (tripling) Is this the title of a new soap opera?! I'm prepared to front up! I am a winner, not a loser! 66 to smoulder = to burn slowly without a flame; (written) to be filled with a strong emotion that you do not fully express to pour oil on the fire = to make things worse; to exacerbate; to rub salt into the wound fiery = showing strong emotions, especially anger to retract = to say that sth you have said earlier is not true or correct or that you did not mean it; to refuse to keep an agreement, a promise, etc pledge = serious promise to denigrate = to criticize sb/sth unfairly; to say sb/sth does not have any value or is not important toil = hard work, especially work that makes you feel physically tired 65 am I am If you have no money, you can print them it It affects the economical economic situation ]]> 20260316 10:15-11:15 MSK | 11:15-12:15 SAMT 1.5 2500 active 'Why is she still here?': Liz Truss and Keir Starmer's fiery exchange at PMQs By the end of this session you will have studied 'Why is she still here?': Liz Truss and Keir Starmer's fiery exchange at PMQs https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iYe6gxXFQNs → watch the video Stylistic reiterations to gain public support Can you guess the same missing word for all gaps except the last one? → answer the questions zoom_meeting.png Zoom meeting details Profi.ru - D.Potter Zoom Meeting (recurring) Meeting ID: 765 1187 4648 Password: pFGjq3 https://us04web.zoom.us/j/76511874648?pwd=pqq81L5Zbdw6lT8hToYVMKUIJsisYn.1 ]]> 'Why is she still here?': Liz Truss and Keir Starmer's fiery exchange at PMQs C1 Politics 64 1 Stylistic reiterations to gain public support active edit_ol_qa pix/icons8-collaboration-100_white.png 'Why is she still here?': Liz Truss and Keir Starmer's fiery exchange at PMQs https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iYe6gxXFQNs ]]> I've got the list here: 45p tax cut? Gone. Corporation tax cut? Gone. 20p tax cut? Gone. Two-year energy freeze? Gone. Tax-free shopping? Gone. Economic credibility? Gone. And her supposed best friend, the former Chancellor? He's gone as well. They're all gone. So, why is she still here? ]]> It was a mandate built on fantasy economics and it ended in disaster (...) I've got the list here: 45p tax cut? {=Gone}. Corporation tax cut? {=Gone}. 20p tax cut? {=Gone}. Two-year energy freeze? {=Gone}. Tax-free shopping? {=Gone}. Economic credibility? {=Gone}. And her supposed best friend, the former Chancellor? He's {=gone} as well. They're all {=gone}. So, why is she still {=here}? What is the purpose of repeating the same word? gone ✓ invite audience to repeat earlier linguistic pattern ✓ build rhythm = active listening → encourage audience to participate ✓ gain agreement ]]> What is the predictable outcome of these politics? ✓ Liz Truss will quit Why is the last question using a different grammar structure? = rhetorical question → build contrast ✓ confirm the narrative's outcome 63 1 Stylistic reiterations to gain public support wip quiz matching pix/icons8-dictionary-100_white.png //Can you guess the same missing word for all gaps except the last one? It was a mandate built on fantasy economics and it ended in disaster (...). I've got the list here: 45p tax cut? {=Gone}. Corporation tax cut? {=Gone}. 20p tax cut? {=Gone}. Two-year energy freeze? {=Gone}. Tax-free shopping? {=Gone}. Economic credibility? {=Gone}. And her supposed best friend, the former Chancellor? He's {=gone} as well. They're all {=gone}. So, why is she still {=here}? 62 2 'Why is she still here?': Liz Truss and Keir Starmer's fiery exchange at PMQs active wip edit_ol_qa prep_ol_qa pix/icons8-movie-100_white.png 'Why is she still here?': Liz Truss and Keir Starmer's fiery exchange at PMQs 2,318,076 views Oct 19, 2022 HOUSE OF COMMONS The prime minister, Liz Truss, and the Labour leader, Keir Starmer, went head-to-head in Wednesday's PMQ's with a number of fiery exchanges. Subscribe to Guardian News on YouTube ► http://bit.ly/guardianwiressub Starmer gave a list of the government's recent U-turns after the former chancellor Kwasi Kwarteng's mini-budget. 'Why is she still here?' he asked. The prime minister responded: 'I'm not a quitter, I'm a fighter'. PMQs verdict: combative performance keeps Liz Truss safe – for a few hours ► https://www.theguardian.com/global/20... Liz Truss says she is ‘completely committed’ to pensions triple lock as Keir Starmer calls her ‘opposition in waiting’ – live ► https://www.theguardian.com/politics/... https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iYe6gxXFQNs → now watch the video from the beginning → answer the questions]]> A book is being written about the prime minister's time in office. Apparently it's going to be out by Christmas. Is that the release date or the title? well Mr Speaker Mr Speaker I have been in office for just under two months and I have delivered the energy price guarantee alarm paying six thousand pound bills this winter I've reversed the National Insurance increase and I've also taken steps and we will be taking steps to crack down on the militant unions now what what Mr Speaker I think Mr Speaker that is more of a record of action than the honorable gentleman in his two and a half years in the job foreign Mr Speaker last week the Prime Minister ignored every question put to her instead she repeatedly criticized Labor's plan for a six-month freeze on energy bills this week the chancellor made it her policy to be held to account when she's not in charge [Applause] our policy is to protect the most vulnerable for two years foreign because of the economic situation to adjust our policies I'm somebody who's prepared to front up I'm prepared to take the tough decisions unlike The Honorable gentleman who hasn't done anything on businesses he's done nothing to say or protect people after one year he's got no plan [Applause] Mr Speaker last week the Prime Minister stood there and promised absolutely no spending reductions they all cheered this week the chancellor announced a new wave of cuts what's the point of a prime minister whose promises don't even last a week [Applause] you're the right honorable gentleman that that spending will go up next year and it will go up the year after but of course we need to get value for taxpayers money the labor party has pledged hundreds of billions of spending pledges none of which they've retracted The Honorable gentleman needs to reflect the economic reality and his policy [Applause] Mr Speaker those spending cuts are on the table for one reason and one reason only because they crashed the economy working working people working people are going to have to pay 500 quid more a month on their mortgages and what's the prime minister's response to say she's sorry what does she think people will think and say that's all right I don't mind Financial ruin at least she apologized prime minister I do think there has to be some reflection of economic reality from the party interest rates are rising across the world and the economic conditions have worsened and we are being honest we're leveling with the public unlike The Honorable gentleman who simply won't do it and what is the honorable gentleman doing about the fact that workers train workers are again going on strike the fact is he refuses to condemn the workers we are bringing forward policies Mr Speaker we are bringing forward policies that are going to make sure our Railways are protected people going to work are protected he backs the strikers we back the Strivers Mr Speaker she's asking me questions because we're a government in Waiting there's no exactly there's no getting away from this millions of people are facing horrendous mortgage repayments and she's admitted it's her fault she shouldn't have conducted an economic experiment on the British public but it's not just her they put her there they're keeping her there why on Earth would anyone trust the Tories with the economy ever again well I noticed Mr Speaker he's not actually objecting to a single Economic Policy but the chancellor announced on Monday he's refusing to condemn the strikers we're on the side of working people we're going to legislate to make sure we keep our Railways open The Honorable gentleman refuses to do anything [Applause] Mr Speaker the only mandate she's ever had is from Members opposite yeah it was a mandate built on fantasy economics and it ended in disaster the country's got nothing to show for it except the destruction of the economy and the implosion of the Tory party I've got the list here 45p tax cut gone corporation tax cut gone 20p tax cut gone two-year energy freeze gone tax-free shopping gone economic credibility gone and her supposed best friend the former Chancellor he's gone as well they're all gone so why is she still here Mr Speaker [Applause] Mr Speaker I am a fighter and not a quitter I have acted in the National interest to make sure that we have economic stability order order I'm going to hear the Prime Minister I suggest that all members need to hear the answer prime minister [Applause] [Music] I am a fighter [Music] delivered on the energy price guarantee we have we delivered on the energy price guarantee we've delivered on National Insurance we are going to deliver to stop the militant trade unions disrupting our Railways The Honorable gentleman has no idea he has no plan and he has no alternative [Music] opposition in the waiting?]]> ✓ commitment to pensions triple lock is unpopular → the Tories are likely to lose the next elections → the Tories will be in the opposition She's asking me questions because we're a government in waiting. There's no exactly, there's no getting away from this. Millions of people are facing horrendous mortgage repayments and she's admitted it's her fault. She shouldn't have conducted an economic experiment on the British public. But it's not just her. They put her there, they're keeping her there. Why on Earth would anyone trust the Tories with the economy ever again? How would you feel if you were a Tory? ]]> ✓ the Tories will be in the opposition 〆will feel under pressure to defend oneself → need to react in a more emotional or more rational way? I am a fighter and not a quitter Is it a rather rational or more emotional response to criticism? ]]> ✓ defensive, rhetorical stance 〆unsupported by arguments ✓ Prime Minister Liz Truss doesn't want to give up despite lost credibility & troubles ahead → should seek means to regain credibility = focus on achievements We have we delivered on the energy price guarantee. We've delivered on National Insurance. We are going to deliver to stop the militant trade unions disrupting our Railways. The honourable gentleman has no idea, he has no plan and he has no alternative.]]> We have we delivered on the energy price guarantee. We've delivered on National Insurance. We are going to deliver to stop the militant trade unions disrupting our Railways. ✓ tripling ✓ present perfect to describe completed actions ✓ present continuous to talk about an arrangement & plan → suggests determination to achieve results based on past results The honourable gentleman has no idea, he has no plan and he has no alternative. ✓ tripling with present simple & negative form → suggests routine, rule ]]> tripling = rhetorical device of grouping three parallel words, phrases, or clauses together to create emphasis, rhythm, or a memorable cadence. This technique leverages the inherent power of three to make descriptions more vivid or persuasive 61 2 'Why is she still here?': Liz Truss and Keir Starmer's fiery exchange at PMQs wip quiz matching pix/icons8-dictionary-100_white.png visual //
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//'Why is she still here?': Liz Truss and Keir Starmer's fiery exchange at PMQs What do you understand when Keir Starmer says 'She's asking me questions because we're a government in waiting. There's no exactly, there's no getting away from this. Millions of people are facing horrendous mortgage repayments and she's admitted it's her fault. She shouldn't have conducted an economic experiment on the British public. But it's not just her. They put her there, they're keeping her there. Why on Earth would anyone trust the Tories with the economy ever again? { ~the Tories are unlikely to lose the next elections =the Tories will be in the opposition } What do you understand by 'I am a fighter and not a quitter'? { ~this is an offensive, rhetorical stance, though it is unsupported by arguments =Prime Minister Liz Truss doesn't want to give up despite lost credibility and troubles ahead #this is only a defensive, rhetorical stance (because it is unsupported by arguments) } What rhetorical technique is used by Liz Truss in the following quote 'The honourable gentleman has no idea, he has no plan and he has no alternative'? { =tripling #tripling - rhetorical device of grouping three parallel words, phrases, or clauses together to create emphasis, rhythm, or a memorable cadence. This technique leverages the inherent power of three to make descriptions more vivid or persuasive ~present perfect to describe completed actions ~present continuous to talk about an arrangement & plan } What rhetorical technique is used by Liz Truss in the following quote 'We have we delivered on the energy price guarantee. We've delivered on National Insurance. We are going to deliver to stop the militant trade unions disrupting our Railways.' ? { ~tripling =present perfect to describe completed actions #builds credibility =present continuous to talk about an arrangement and plan #suggests determination to achieve results based on past results } ]]> 60 3 Expressing your narrative to the public wip quiz matching pix/icons8-dictionary-100_white.png //Preparing a narrative and delivering your opinion to the public //How do you build climax in your narrative? //→ put the quotations in the right order //→ which of these arguments are factual? Which are just rhetorical? //→ explain how offensive these criticisms & allegations may be perceived //→ explain how Keir Starmer takes advantage of speaking in public to stir the audience: would this be as effective if this was just a dialogue between two persons? Those spending cuts {=are on the table for one reason}, and {=one reason only}, because {=they crashed} the economy. Working {=people}, working {=people are going to have to pay 500 quid more a month on their mortgages}. And what's {=the prime minister's response}? To say {=she's sorry}! What {=does she think}? People will {=think and say}: That's {=all right}, I don't {=mind financial ruin}. At least {=she apologized}. 59 3 pix/icons8-dictionary-100_white.png Expressing your narrative to the public Preparing a narrative and delivering your opinion to the public active 3 xml_multi_dd_row How do you build climax in your narrative? 14 8 left 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 58 fiery = showing strong emotions, especially anger to retract = to say that sth you have said earlier is not true or correct or that you did not mean it; to refuse to keep an agreement, a promise, etc pledge = serious promise tripling = rhetorical device of grouping three parallel words, phrases, or clauses together to create emphasis, rhythm, or a memorable cadence. This technique leverages the inherent power of three to make descriptions more vivid or persuasive allegation = public statement that is made without giving proof, accusing sb of doing sth that is wrong or illegal 57 20260306 10:15-11:15 MSK | 11:15-12:15 SAMT 1.5 2500 active 'No, No, No!' Margaret Thatcher's Most Iconic Speech (2/2) 'Why is she still here?': Liz Truss and Keir Starmer's fiery exchange at PMQs By the end of this session you will have studied Perhaps they would agree to a single currency - M.Thatcher → highlight keywords in bold → mark the text with pauses | → annotate rhetorical questions with (?) → show assertiveness with (!) → practise oral delivery of this extract video 'Why is she still here?': Liz Truss and Keir Starmer's fiery exchange at PMQs https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iYe6gxXFQNs → watch the video zoom_meeting.png Zoom meeting details Profi.ru - D.Potter Zoom Meeting (recurring) Meeting ID: 765 1187 4648 Password: pFGjq3 https://us04web.zoom.us/j/76511874648?pwd=pqq81L5Zbdw6lT8hToYVMKUIJsisYn.1 ]]> 56 5 Perhaps they would agree to a single currency - M.Thatcher active wip edit_ol_qa pix/icons8-treadmill-100_white.png Delivering a political speech How would you square your views with those of the opposition in Parliament? visual How would you square your views with those of the opposition in Parliament? ✓ question the integrity & competence of the opposition → make insinuations about concessions ✓ belittle the opposition → accept abolition of the pound sterling ✓ mock & taunt them → hand over responsibility → watch the video again [03:53-04:32] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4EmsMNQl7V0 → highlight keywords in bold → mark the text with pauses | → annotate rhetorical questions with (?) → show assertiveness with (!) → practise oral delivery of this extract ]]> Perhaps the labour party would give all those things up easily Perhaps they would agree to a single currency to total abolition of the pound sterling Perhaps being totally incompetent with monetary matters they'd be only too delighted to hand over the full responsibility as they did to the IMF to a central bank. The fact is they have no competence on money no competence on the economy so yes the right honourable gentleman would be glad to hand it all over And what is the point in trying to get elected to Parliament only to hand over your Sterling and to hand over the powers of this house to Europe ]]> Perhaps the labour party would give all those things up easily Perhaps they would agree to a single currency, to total abolition of the pound sterling Perhaps being totally incompetent with monetary matters they'd be only too delighted to hand over the full responsibility as they did to the IMF, to a central bank. The fact is, they have no competence on money, no competence on the economy, so, yes, the right honourable gentleman would be glad to hand it all over And what is the point in trying to get elected to Parliament only to hand over your Sterling, and to hand over the powers of this house to Europe 55 6 Role play active wip role_play pix/icons8-theatre-mask-100_white.png Should our government abide to supranational regulations?
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Recycle new expressions and language → express complex political opinions clearly → speak persuasively in the political arena e.g. use rhetorical questions, negative adverbial phrases, be occasionally theatrical → use technical terms related to government and policy e.g. neo-liberalism, supranationality → practise abstract concepts in political philosophy e.g. Thatcherism ]]> You are in favour of a stronger role of the European Union in home affairs. You want your opposition to square with the urge to work together. You will not be accommodating. In the light of world economic pressure ought we not to make alliances with our closest neighbours? Only together can we achieve a cohesive military defence strategy! Haven't we denigrated the dangers of guns vs butter? Yes, we have... You are known to be an iron lady. You are against supranational governance which threatens sovereign interests of your country. Taunt decisions of your opposition in the light of recent political events. We don't want to be denuded of our powers! Would you accept another cabinet's views to prevail over our own insights? Shall we allow bureaucrats to belittle our spirit of innovation and freedom? Shall we? No, we shan't! Never before had we been plagued by such regulations! Never before have we been crippled by such consumer protection policies! And never again will we have to abide to measures that contradict our national interests! 54 to wane = to become gradually weaker or less important; (of the moon) to appear slightly smaller each day after being round and full to denude = to make sth bare denigration = action of choosing a person or thing for a particular purpose, or of giving them or it a particular status belittling = making sb or the things that sb does seem unimportant to taunt = to try to make sb angry or upset by saying unkind things about them, laughing at their failures, etc to square (sb/sth) with = to be compatible or fit with something; to induce someone to accept or approve of something to abide = to accept and act according to a law, an agreement, etc cohesive = causing people or things to become united accommodating = willing to help and do things for other people 53 appear emerge | result from our mutual efforts Should we give up our national interests in case if we want to... ]]> 20260302 10:15-11:15 MSK | 11:15-12:15 SAMT 1.5 2500 active 'No, No, No!' Margaret Thatcher's Most Iconic Speech (1/2) By the end of this session you will have studied 'No, No, No!' Margaret Thatcher's Most Iconic Speech https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4EmsMNQl7V0 → watch the video → answer the questions zoom_meeting.png Zoom meeting details Profi.ru - D.Potter Zoom Meeting (recurring) Meeting ID: 765 1187 4648 Password: pFGjq3 https://us04web.zoom.us/j/76511874648?pwd=pqq81L5Zbdw6lT8hToYVMKUIJsisYn.1 ]]> 52 1 Warmer active edit_ol_qa pix/icons8-cafe-100_white.png If you want anything said, ask a man. If you want anything done, ask a woman! I stand before you tonight in my red chiffon evening gown, my face softly made up, my fair hair gently waved…the Iron Lady of the Western World! Me? A cold war warrior? Well, yes—if that is how they wish to interpret my defence of values and freedoms fundamental to our way of life. speech at Finchley, 31 January 1976
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→ answer the questions]]> If you want anything said, ask a man. If you want anything done, ask a woman ]]> ✓ a woman gets the job done ✓ more accommodating, less confronting approach to mitigate disagreements ✓ can afford to be more emotional = gender role stereotype 〆female leaders who have made it to the top act like men 〆women may generate more conflictual situations when dealing with other women than men with men = recognise common ambitious goals → natural rivalry Love her or loathe her at least you knew where you stood with her! Do you agree with this opinion about Margaret Thatcher? Is it positive to call a spade a spade if you're into politics? ]]> ✓ may have been opinionated 〆less sugarcoating than U. von der Leyen = reminiscent of a show of power before fighting → intimidation as a technique to impress your counterpart relevant only if they are actually smaller than you e.g. would fail with China → sometimes need to be able to beat about the bush = questionable stance when negotiating → make it harder for your opponent to understand your hidden agenda to call a spade a spade = to call a person or thing a name that is true but not polite; to speak bluntly to loathe = to dislike sb/sth very much Oxford Reference - Margaret Thatcher 1925–2013 British Conservative stateswoman; Prime Minister, 1979–90 ]]> 51 2 A Facts and figures about Margaret Thatcher Facts and figures about Margaret Thatcher (1/2) wip quiz matching pix/icons8-dictionary-100_white.png M.Thatcher was the first woman to lead a major political party in the UK. {T} M.Thatcher was the longest-serving British prime minister of the {~19th =20th ~21st} century. M.Thatcher implemented policies that came to be known as {~post-liberalism # Thatcherism, but also akin to neo-liberalism =Thatcherism ~neo-conservatism}. M.Thatcher was dubbed the "Iron Lady" by a {~French ~German =Soviet #### a journalist from the Soviet defence ministry newspaper Red Star accused her of trying to revive the cold war} journalist. Her nickname became associated with her {=uncompromising ~pro-European ~pro-Russian} politics and leadership style. 50 2 B Target reading (true/false) wip quiz matching pix/icons8-dictionary-100_white.png M.Thatcher reversed {=high inflation ~individual liberty} prior to an oncoming recession. Her policies emphasised {=greater individual liberty ~high inflation}. M.Thatcher {~fought against =pushed for} privatisation of state-owned companies. M.Thatcher reduced the power and influence of {~the House of Lords =trade unions}. Her popularity in her first years in office {=waned amid ~was invigorated by} the recession and rising unemployment. 49 4 'No, No, No!' Margaret Thatcher's Most Iconic Speech active edit_ol_qa pix/icons8-movie-100_white.png How diplomatic is it to repeat assertively 'No, no, no'? Why would you do that? 'No, No, No!' Margaret Thatcher's Most Iconic Speech
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The year is 1990 and Margaret Thatcher is about to stand in Parliament and make one of her most iconic speeches. The Prime Minister had just returned from an European summit in Rome where commissioner Jacques Delores had proposed further European integration. Mrs Thatcher responded - 'No, no, no.' Whilst that line has become iconic, Professor Richard Whitman explains how Thatcher's view on Europe was actually a fascinating journey. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4EmsMNQl7V0 → watch the video → answer the questions]]> Chapters: 0:00 - 1:43 - Introduction 1:44 - 3:55 - Margaret Thatcher Vs Neil Kinnock 3:55 - 5:44 - Margaret Thatcher & The EU 5:44 - 7:13 - Why The Speech Is So Memorable 7:13 - 7:34 - No, No, No 7:34 - 9:07 - The Legacy Of The Speech no no no I mean it is a piece of sort of masterful theater it is our purpose to retain the power and influence of this house there is a line between her bruised speech between the no no no in Parliament and brexit and not to Denude it of many of the powers she was talking to and taunting the party opposite for the sake of agreeing for the sake of being little sir Echo and saying me too talking to the outside world I do not want the commission to increase its po against it house she was talking to her own back benches to say that this is my view on Europe um you've got to live with [Music] this so the year's 1990 uh Margaret thater is coming to the House of Commons to report back from a meeting that she's just had with her fellow European leaders uh and she does what has ended up being one of the most dramatic moments I think uh of a prime minister in our recent political history which is setting a very clear uh agenda for how she sees uh the relationship between the UK and Europe and what we all know now is that in many ways this is the start of the Final Act for her as prime minister the EU was sort of gearing up to have a a a conversation or rather to set in process uh two conversations one on political union for the EU and the other for what became economic and monetary Union uh and that was something that the British government and thater in particular was not comfortable with all they do is to Margaret Thatcher Vs Neil Kinnock strand Britain in some European second division without the influence over change that we need the industrial and financial opportunity that we need and indeed without the real sovereignty that we need yeah first Mr Speaker it is our purpose to retain the power and influence of this house and not to Denude it of many of the powers I wonder what the right honorable gentleman's policy is in view of some of the things he said would he have agreed to a commitment to extend the community's powers to other supplementary sectors of economic integration without having any definition of what they are would he because you would have thought he would from what he said one of them was that the commission wants to extend extend its powers and confidence into the area of Health we said no we weren't going to agree to those things and what he says he sounded as if he would for the sake of agreeing for the sake of being little sir Eko and saying me too one of the things I really like about the speech uh is the way that she uh she looks at the opposition the way that she taunts the opposition the way that she sets up a very very different view of how a government uh wants to treat the European issue from the way that Neil kinck and the labor party wanted to and why I think that's particularly cutting is not that long before Labor was committed to the idea of leaving uh the uh the European community and so you know she you know is in a way as a subtext I think sort of reminding uh the labor party that they are very very wobbly uh on the question uh of Europe and she does it I think in a in a an absolutely superb way I mean it is a master class in how to sort of hold Parliament inth and also to deliver a really uh effective and and very very cutting message perhaps the labor party would give all those things up easily Margaret Thatcher & The EU perhaps they would agree to a sing sing Le currency to Total abolition of the pound sterling perhaps being totally incompetent with monetary matters they'd be only too delighted to hand over the full responsibility as they did to the IMF to a central bank the fact is they have no competence on money no competence on the economy so yes the right honorable gentleman would be glad to hand it all over and what is the point in trying to get elected to Parliament only to hand over your Sterling and to hand over the powers of this house to Europe Margaret hatch had a really interesting political Journey on Europe because she campaigned uh for or she was in favor of Britain joining uh the then European economic Community she campaigned in the 1975 referendum it will be a splendid and decisive yes for Britain in Europe but she had a very different idea as to how Europe's individual states should fit together and as we know I mean she was a very strong believer in British national identity uh a particular conception of Britain's place in the world and all of those things for her were odds with the idea of building up as she saw it uh a European uh superstate so yes she was a pro- European but she had a very very different vision of Europe uh from other uh European political leaders there is a line between her Bru speech between the no no no in Parliament and brexit because you know British politicians uh and members of the public just took a different view of what kind of Europe they wanted and so she really is uh the the originator I think uh of the brexit Why The Speech Is So Memorable process to um to uh commissioner Leon Britain he is of course a member of the commission he is a loyal member of the commission yes the commission does want to increase its powers yes it is a non-elected body and I do not want the commission to increase its powers against this house so of course we are differing I think what makes it so memorable is prime ministers are not that categorical normally um I mean if you look at the delivery of the speech uh if you look at her body language if you look at the intonation I mean it is a piece of sort of masterful theater I mean it's sort of you know in that Arena you know in the House of Commons which is you know theatrical which is a stage I mean she was bringing everything into play in terms of making the point that she wanted to make and it wasn't a position that she could Retreat from so she was talking to the outside world you know she was talking to other European leaders and and drawing what were was for her uh you know a very clear and unambiguous Red Line she was talking to and taunting the party opposite you know the labor party the shadow uh opposition front bench led by Neil kinck and I think she was talking to her own back bench as well as members of her cabinet on the front benches to say that you know basically this is my view on Europe um you've got to live with this uh or or not and obviously the party in the end decided not to of course the chairman or No, No, No the president of the commission Mr delore said at press conference the other day that he wanted the European Parliament to be the Democratic body of the community he wanted the commission to be the executive and he wanted the Council of ministers to be the Senate no no no unfortunately her you know vision of 9:07 - The Legacy Of The Speech Europe and her vision of the European community and how it could develop was really at odds with many people in her party I mean after she made that no no no statement in the House of Commons her Deputy Prime Minister resigned you know there was a leadership contest um and uh she lost the Premiership so you know she was obviously a conviction politician on something that she felt so strongly about she was very unlikely to be equivocal um but ultimately I think she found it impossible to square her view of how Britain should fit into Europe with what at that time was the view that prevailed within our cabinet uh and I think within the party at large but you know in a way it's a sort of Back to the Future in that her idea of Europe and her idea of Britain's relationship with Europe is ended up being the predominant view with the within the conservative party now uh so in a way you know it's a curious Legacy you know she lost the Premiership but in a way she sort of captured uh the hearts and minds of members of the conservative party uh and that's why we've ended up with a relationship that we have between the UK and the European union now First, Mr Speaker, it is our purpose to retain the power and influence of this house and not to denude it of many of the powers [02:02-02:14] → how strong is her stance? → what does it mean? ]]> ✓ assertive stance → speech should not seem to be contrived or deceitful ✓ use of theatrical touch → need to overdo when speaking in public ✓ this house = Parliament = not allow Brussels to become a European superstate to denude = to make sth bare Would he have agreed to a commitment to extend the community's powers to other supplementary sectors of economic integration without having any definition of what they are? [02:20-02:32] → what orating technique is used? → what is being suggested? ]]> One of them was that the commission wants to extend its powers and confidence into the area of Health. We said no, we weren't going to agree to those things, and what he says, he sounded as if he would, for the sake of agreeing, for the sake of being little sir Echo, and saying me too. [02:37-02:53] → how is voice modulation employed? → what is being underpinned? ]]> ✓ reported speech ✓ denigration ✓ belittling → to taunt the opposition ! the labour party had previously suggested they wanted to leave the European Community = inconsistent stance → wobbly political integrity to underpin = to support or form the basis of an argument, a claim, etc denigration = action of choosing a person or thing for a particular purpose, or of giving them or it a particular status belittling = making sb or the things that sb does seem unimportant to taunt = to try to make sb angry or upset by saying unkind things about them, laughing at their failures, etc 48 5 Perhaps they would agree to a single currency - M.Thatcher active wip edit_ol_qa pix/icons8-treadmill-100_white.png Delivering a political speech How would you square your views with those of the opposition in Parliament? visual How would you square your views with those of the opposition in Parliament? ✓ question the integrity & competence of the opposition → make insinuations about concessions ✓ belittle the opposition → accept abolition of the pound sterling ✓ mock & taunt them → hand over responsibility → watch the video again [03:53-04:32] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4EmsMNQl7V0 → highlight keywords in bold → mark the text with pauses | → annotate rhetorical questions with (?) → show assertiveness with (!) → practise oral delivery of this extract ]]> Perhaps the labour party would give all those things up easily Perhaps they would agree to a single currency to total abolition of the pound sterling Perhaps being totally incompetent with monetary matters they'd be only too delighted to hand over the full responsibility as they did to the IMF to a central bank. The fact is they have no competence on money no competence on the economy so yes the right honourable gentleman would be glad to hand it all over And what is the point in trying to get elected to Parliament only to hand over your Sterling and to hand over the powers of this house to Europe ]]> Perhaps the labour party would give all those things up easily Perhaps they would agree to a single currency, to total abolition of the pound sterling Perhaps being totally incompetent with monetary matters they'd be only too delighted to hand over the full responsibility as they did to the IMF, to a central bank. The fact is, they have no competence on money, no competence on the economy, so, yes, the right honourable gentleman would be glad to hand it all over And what is the point in trying to get elected to Parliament only to hand over your Sterling, and to hand over the powers of this house to Europe 47 to call a spade a spade = to call a person or thing a name that is true but not polite; to speak bluntly to loathe = to dislike sb/sth very much to wane = to become gradually weaker or less important; (of the moon) to appear slightly smaller each day after being round and full to denude = to make sth bare to underpin = to support or form the basis of an argument, a claim, etc denigration = action of choosing a person or thing for a particular purpose, or of giving them or it a particular status belittling = making sb or the things that sb does seem unimportant to taunt = to try to make sb angry or upset by saying unkind things about them, laughing at their failures, etc to square (sb/sth) with = to be compatible or fit with something; to induce someone to accept or approve of something 46 20260227 10:15-11:15 MSK | 11:15-12:15 SAMT 1.5 2500 active How language shapes the way we think | Lera Boroditsky By the end of this session you will have studied How language shapes the way we think | Lera Boroditsky There are about 7,000 languages spoken around the world -- and they all have different sounds, vocabularies and structures. But do they shape the way we think? Cognitive scientist Lera Boroditsky shares examples of language -- from an Aboriginal community in Australia that uses cardinal directions instead of left and right to the multiple words for blue in Russian -- that suggest the answer is a resounding yes. "The beauty of linguistic diversity is that it reveals to us just how ingenious and how flexible the human mind is," Boroditsky says. "Human minds have invented not one cognitive universe, but 7,000. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RKK7wGAYP6k → watch the video → answer the questions zoom_meeting.png Zoom meeting details Profi.ru - D.Potter Zoom Meeting (recurring) Meeting ID: 765 1187 4648 Password: pFGjq3 https://us04web.zoom.us/j/76511874648?pwd=pqq81L5Zbdw6lT8hToYVMKUIJsisYn.1 ]]> 45 1 How language shapes the way we think | Lera Boroditsky active wip edit_ol_qa prep_ol_qa pix/icons8-movie-100_white.png ✓ if that target language features concepts that don't exist in your mother tongue ✓ you may have fewer prejudices than those you have become accustomed to in your native language e.g. collocations (...)]]> How language shapes the way we think | Lera Boroditsky There are about 7,000 languages spoken around the world -- and they all have different sounds, vocabularies and structures. But do they shape the way we think? Cognitive scientist Lera Boroditsky shares examples of language -- from an Aboriginal community in Australia that uses cardinal directions instead of left and right to the multiple words for blue in Russian -- that suggest the answer is a resounding yes. "The beauty of linguistic diversity is that it reveals to us just how ingenious and how flexible the human mind is," Boroditsky says. "Human minds have invented not one cognitive universe, but 7,000. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RKK7wGAYP6k → watch the video → answer the questions]]> how_language_shapes_the_way_we_think_lera_boroditsky_TED_RKK7wGAYP6k.mp4 So, I'll be speaking to you using language ... because I can. This is one these magical abilities that we humans have. We can transmit really complicated thoughts to one another. So what I'm doing right now is, I'm making sounds with my mouth as I'm exhaling. I'm making tones and hisses and puffs, and those are creating air vibrations in the air. Those air vibrations are traveling to you, they're hitting your eardrums, and then your brain takes those vibrations from your eardrums and transforms them into thoughts. I hope. (Laughter) I hope that's happening. So because of this ability, we humans are able to transmit our ideas across vast reaches of space and time. We're able to transmit knowledge across minds. I can put a bizarre new idea in your mind right now. I could say, "Imagine a jellyfish waltzing in a library while thinking about quantum mechanics." (Laughter) Now, if everything has gone relatively well in your life so far, you probably haven't had that thought before. (Laughter) But now I've just made you think it, through language. Now of course, there isn't just one language in the world, there are about 7,000 languages spoken around the world. And all the languages differ from one another in all kinds of ways. Some languages have different sounds, they have different vocabularies, and they also have different structures -- very importantly, different structures. That begs the question: Does the language we speak shape the way we think? Now, this is an ancient question. People have been speculating about this question forever. Charlemagne, Holy Roman emperor, said, "To have a second language is to have a second soul" -- strong statement that language crafts reality. But on the other hand, Shakespeare has Juliet say, "What's in a name? A rose by any other name would smell as sweet." Well, that suggests that maybe language doesn't craft reality. These arguments have gone back and forth for thousands of years. But until recently, there hasn't been any data to help us decide either way. Recently, in my lab and other labs around the world, we've started doing research, and now we have actual scientific data to weigh in on this question. So let me tell you about some of my favorite examples. I'll start with an example from an Aboriginal community in Australia that I had the chance to work with. These are the Kuuk Thaayorre people. They live in Pormpuraaw at the very west edge of Cape York. What's cool about Kuuk Thaayorre is, in Kuuk Thaayorre, they don't use words like "left" and "right," and instead, everything is in cardinal directions: north, south, east and west. And when I say everything, I really mean everything. You would say something like, "Oh, there's an ant on your southwest leg." Or, "Move your cup to the north-northeast a little bit." In fact, the way that you say "hello" in Kuuk Thaayorre is you say, "Which way are you going?" And the answer should be, "North-northeast in the far distance. How about you?" So imagine as you're walking around your day, every person you greet, you have to report your heading direction. (Laughter) But that would actually get you oriented pretty fast, right? Because you literally couldn't get past "hello," if you didn't know which way you were going. In fact, people who speak languages like this stay oriented really well. They stay oriented better than we used to think humans could. We used to think that humans were worse than other creatures because of some biological excuse: "Oh, we don't have magnets in our beaks or in our scales." No; if your language and your culture trains you to do it, actually, you can do it. There are humans around the world who stay oriented really well. And just to get us in agreement about how different this is from the way we do it, I want you all to close your eyes for a second and point southeast. (Laughter) Keep your eyes closed. Point. OK, so you can open your eyes. I see you guys pointing there, there, there, there, there ... I don't know which way it is myself -- (Laughter) You have not been a lot of help. (Laughter) So let's just say the accuracy in this room was not very high. This is a big difference in cognitive ability across languages, right? Where one group -- very distinguished group like you guys -- doesn't know which way is which, but in another group, I could ask a five-year-old and they would know. (Laughter) There are also really big differences in how people think about time. So here I have pictures of my grandfather at different ages. And if I ask an English speaker to organize time, they might lay it out this way, from left to right. This has to do with writing direction. If you were a speaker of Hebrew or Arabic, you might do it going in the opposite direction, from right to left. But how would the Kuuk Thaayorre, this Aboriginal group I just told you about, do it? They don't use words like "left" and "right." Let me give you hint. When we sat people facing south, they organized time from left to right. When we sat them facing north, they organized time from right to left. When we sat them facing east, time came towards the body. What's the pattern? East to west, right? So for them, time doesn't actually get locked on the body at all, it gets locked on the landscape. So for me, if I'm facing this way, then time goes this way, and if I'm facing this way, then time goes this way. I'm facing this way, time goes this way -- very egocentric of me to have the direction of time chase me around every time I turn my body. For the Kuuk Thaayorre, time is locked on the landscape. It's a dramatically different way of thinking about time. Here's another really smart human trick. Suppose I ask you how many penguins are there. Well, I bet I know how you'd solve that problem if you solved it. You went, "One, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight." You counted them. You named each one with a number, and the last number you said was the number of penguins. This is a little trick that you're taught to use as kids. You learn the number list and you learn how to apply it. A little linguistic trick. Well, some languages don't do this, because some languages don't have exact number words. They're languages that don't have a word like "seven" or a word like "eight." In fact, people who speak these languages don't count, and they have trouble keeping track of exact quantities. So, for example, if I ask you to match this number of penguins to the same number of ducks, you would be able to do that by counting. But folks who don't have that linguistic trick can't do that. Languages also differ in how they divide up the color spectrum -- the visual world. Some languages have lots of words for colors, some have only a couple words, "light" and "dark." And languages differ in where they put boundaries between colors. So, for example, in English, there's a word for blue that covers all of the colors that you can see on the screen, but in Russian, there isn't a single word. Instead, Russian speakers have to differentiate between light blue, "goluboy," and dark blue, "siniy." So Russians have this lifetime of experience of, in language, distinguishing these two colors. When we test people's ability to perceptually discriminate these colors, what we find is that Russian speakers are faster across this linguistic boundary. They're faster to be able to tell the difference between a light and dark blue. And when you look at people's brains as they're looking at colors -- say you have colors shifting slowly from light to dark blue -- the brains of people who use different words for light and dark blue will give a surprised reaction as the colors shift from light to dark, as if, "Ooh, something has categorically changed," whereas the brains of English speakers, for example, that don't make this categorical distinction, don't give that surprise, because nothing is categorically changing. Languages have all kinds of structural quirks. This is one of my favorites. Lots of languages have grammatical gender; every noun gets assigned a gender, often masculine or feminine. And these genders differ across languages. So, for example, the sun is feminine in German but masculine in Spanish, and the moon, the reverse. Could this actually have any consequence for how people think? Do German speakers think of the sun as somehow more female-like, and the moon somehow more male-like? Actually, it turns out that's the case. So if you ask German and Spanish speakers to, say, describe a bridge, like the one here -- "bridge" happens to be grammatically feminine in German, grammatically masculine in Spanish -- German speakers are more likely to say bridges are "beautiful," "elegant" and stereotypically feminine words. Whereas Spanish speakers will be more likely to say they're "strong" or "long," these masculine words. (Laughter) Languages also differ in how they describe events, right? You take an event like this, an accident. In English, it's fine to say, "He broke the vase." In a language like Spanish, you might be more likely to say, "The vase broke," or, "The vase broke itself." If it's an accident, you wouldn't say that someone did it. In English, quite weirdly, we can even say things like, "I broke my arm." Now, in lots of languages, you couldn't use that construction unless you are a lunatic and you went out looking to break your arm -- (Laughter) and you succeeded. If it was an accident, you would use a different construction. Now, this has consequences. So, people who speak different languages will pay attention to different things, depending on what their language usually requires them to do. So we show the same accident to English speakers and Spanish speakers, English speakers will remember who did it, because English requires you to say, "He did it; he broke the vase." Whereas Spanish speakers might be less likely to remember who did it if it's an accident, but they're more likely to remember that it was an accident. They're more likely to remember the intention. So, two people watch the same event, witness the same crime, but end up remembering different things about that event. This has implications, of course, for eyewitness testimony. It also has implications for blame and punishment. So if you take English speakers and I just show you someone breaking a vase, and I say, "He broke the vase," as opposed to "The vase broke," even though you can witness it yourself, you can watch the video, you can watch the crime against the vase, you will punish someone more, you will blame someone more if I just said, "He broke it," as opposed to, "It broke." The language guides our reasoning about events. Now, I've given you a few examples of how language can profoundly shape the way we think, and it does so in a variety of ways. So language can have big effects, like we saw with space and time, where people can lay out space and time in completely different coordinate frames from each other. Language can also have really deep effects -- that's what we saw with the case of number. Having count words in your language, having number words, opens up the whole world of mathematics. Of course, if you don't count, you can't do algebra, you can't do any of the things that would be required to build a room like this or make this broadcast, right? This little trick of number words gives you a stepping stone into a whole cognitive realm. Language can also have really early effects, what we saw in the case of color. These are really simple, basic, perceptual decisions. We make thousands of them all the time, and yet, language is getting in there and fussing even with these tiny little perceptual decisions that we make. Language can have really broad effects. So the case of grammatical gender may be a little silly, but at the same time, grammatical gender applies to all nouns. That means language can shape how you're thinking about anything that can be named by a noun. That's a lot of stuff. And finally, I gave you an example of how language can shape things that have personal weight to us -- ideas like blame and punishment or eyewitness memory. These are important things in our daily lives. Now, the beauty of linguistic diversity is that it reveals to us just how ingenious and how flexible the human mind is. Human minds have invented not one cognitive universe, but 7,000 -- there are 7,000 languages spoken around the world. And we can create many more -- languages, of course, are living things, things that we can hone and change to suit our needs. The tragic thing is that we're losing so much of this linguistic diversity all the time. We're losing about one language a week, and by some estimates, half of the world's languages will be gone in the next hundred years. And the even worse news is that right now, almost everything we know about the human mind and human brain is based on studies of usually American English-speaking undergraduates at universities. That excludes almost all humans. Right? So what we know about the human mind is actually incredibly narrow and biased, and our science has to do better. I want to leave you with this final thought. I've told you about how speakers of different languages think differently, but of course, that's not about how people elsewhere think. It's about how you think. It's how the language that you speak shapes the way that you think. And that gives you the opportunity to ask, "Why do I think the way that I do?" "How could I think differently?" And also, "What thoughts do I wish to create?" Thank you very much. (Applause) "Imagine a jellyfish waltzing in a library while thinking about quantum mechanics." [01:05-01:24] ]]> ✓ share new thoughts through language which you had perhaps even never envisaged → the more vocabulary you have the better equipped you are to communicate effectively to envisage = to imagine what will happen in the future "To have a second language is to have a second soul" [01:50-02:00] ]]> ✓ language crafts reality → you are another person when you speak a different language → the more vocabulary you have the more perspectives you may take advantage of to look at things "What's in a name? A rose by any other name would smell as sweet." [02:00-02:20] ]]> ✓ perhaps language doesn't craft reality → objective reality should be the same for every person but it is subjective = ageless contradiction What is unusual about the language used by an Aboriginal community in Australia, called Kuuk Thaayorre? [02:45-03:30] "Which way are you going?" answer: North - north east in the far distance ]]> What two conclusions can you draw from the cultural example of language spoken by Kuuk Thaayorre people [03:30-05:51]? (staying oriented [03:48]) (thinking about time [05:10]) ✓ if your language and your culture trains you to do it, you can do it e.g. stay oriented although we have no magnets in our beaks or in our scales ✓ they organize time from east to west = it gets locked on the landscape → no egocentric view (traditionally from left to right or vice versa) ✓ use a more organic approach to time management = less linear & target-oriented? → open to sharing more opportunities than just your own goals ✓ assess your position (as well as perhaps skills) in your environment in real time → anticipate possible obstacles better? What does the quantity of alternative words for different colours & shades suggest? [06:48-07:59] ✓ in English, there's a word for blue that covers all of the colours that you can see ✓ in Russian, there isn't a single word → Russian speakers have to differentiate between light blue, "goluboy," and dark blue, "siniy." → make a categorical distinction = ability to perceptually discriminate colours faster How can gender of nouns differ across cultures? How does this affect the way people think? [08:01-08:58] examples: ✓ the sun is feminine in German but masculine in Spanish ✓ the moon is masculine in German but feminine in Spanish → for German speakers bridges are "beautiful," "elegant" = stereotypically feminine words → for Spanish speakers bridges are "strong" or "long" = more masculine words What examples are given to suggest how differently languages can describe events? [09:02-09:40] ✓ in English: "He broke the vase" ✓ in Spanish: "The vase broke" in English: "I broke my arm." → in many languages = you did it intentionally How will different speakers interpret a same event in different ways? What conclusion can be drawn? [09:42-10:55] ✓ people remember different things about the same event → even eye-witnessing an event may be interpreted differently e.g. English speakers will remember who did it [09:56] → English requires you to say, "He did it; he broke the vase." e.g. Spanish speakers might be less likely to remember who did it if it's an accident → more likely to remember that it was an accident Conclusion [10:44] ✓ you will punish someone more, you will blame someone more if you just said "He broke it" (as opposed to "It broke.") ✓ language guides our reasoning about events What are the risks of losing linguistic diversity? [12:28-12:56] 〆about one language is lost every week 〆half of the world's languages will be gone in the next hundred years according to some estimates 〆almost everything we know about the human mind and human brain is based on studies of usually American English-speaking undergraduates at universities → what we know about the human mind is actually incredibly narrow and biased 44 perpetuation = act of prolonging something to undermine = to make sth, especially sb's confidence or authority, gradually weaker or less effective to reprimand = to tell sb officially that you do not approve of them or their actions construct = idea or a belief that is based on various pieces of evidence which are not always true; contrast between lived reality and the construct held in the mind attuned = familiar with sb/sth so that you can understand or recognize them or it and act in an appropriate way hangover = feeling, custom, habit, etc. that remains from the past, although it is no longer practical or suitable agreeable = pleasant and easy to like 43 an the ability to hear I don't remember in details detail what did she say said ]]> determining /də'tə:məniŋ/ 20260216 18:15-19:15 MSK 1.5 2500 active Political correctness works for no one (2/2) By the end of this session you will have studied Political Correctness Works For No One | Jonathan Kay | TEDxUTSC - 16 Sept 2019 Jonathan Kay is the Canadian editor for Quillette.com, a host of the Quillette and Wrongspeak podcasts, a book author and a columnist. His work has appeared recently in the National Post, Washington Post, The Atlantic, CBC.ca, Foreign Affairs and Maclean’s. His books include Among The Truthers(HarperCollins, 2011) and Legacy: How French Canadians Shaped North America (Signal, 2016). He is currently working on two book projects scheduled for publication in 2019. He tweets daily on the news at @jonkay. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tPdMG3oFGac → watch the video → answer the questions zoom_meeting.png Zoom meeting details Profi.ru - D.Potter Zoom Meeting (recurring) Meeting ID: 765 1187 4648 Password: pFGjq3 https://us04web.zoom.us/j/76511874648?pwd=pqq81L5Zbdw6lT8hToYVMKUIJsisYn.1 ]]> 42 1 Political correctness works for no one - Jonathan Kay 20240110 hw20240117 active wip edit_ol_qa prep_ol_qa pix/icons8-collaboration-100_white.png Do you believe political correctness really makes things better? For whom? Political Correctness Works For No One | Jonathan Kay | TEDxUTSC - 16 Sept 2019 Jonathan Kay is the Canadian editor for Quillette.com, a host of the Quillette and Wrongspeak podcasts, a book author and a columnist. His work has appeared recently in the National Post, Washington Post, The Atlantic, CBC.ca, Foreign Affairs and Maclean’s. His books include Among The Truthers(HarperCollins, 2011) and Legacy: How French Canadians Shaped North America (Signal, 2016). He is currently working on two book projects scheduled for publication in 2019. He tweets daily on the news at @jonkay. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tPdMG3oFGac → watch the video → answer the questions ]]> political_correctness_works_for_no_one_jonathan_kay_TEDxUTSC_tPdMG3oFGac.mp4 Introduction my name is Jonathan Kaye I'm the Canadian editor for Colette comm a podcaster a book author many people in the Twitter community have described me as a professional shitty story one of the previous speakers she mentioned about her intersectional nature she talked about going to Starbucks and being the one who had the really really complicated latte I just warned you I'm the guy who goes to the gas station and gets the instant coffee in the microwave so my perspective is a little different but I do want to build bridges my subject is political correctness and I think when people look at someone like me they assume that I'm gonna start my presentation by going through a long angry list of recent episodes and controversies people who got shut up or were censored or were mobbed in some way but I don't want to recite that list of controversies because I think most people in this room already know the episodes I'm talking about they're pretty well covered in the news I also want to make sure that when people watch this video on YouTube which I hope they do in coming years they find it relevant in a way that goes past recent headlines because the problem of political correctness that I'm talking about is a problem that is ageless it's a problem that goes back in fact to ancient times since people have been using words they have been using those words to shut down people who are using words that they don't like some of the foundational and most violent disputes in Islam and Judaism and Christianity involve people trying to dictate what language other people use what languages they use for God or for prayer or for believers or for heretics and many of those discussions that were had many of those arguments and controversies essentially followed the same politically correct pattern that now dictates the arguments we have over land and hashtags and everything else that informs our arguments about this subject I also want to acknowledge the fact that political correctness is a bipartisan phenomenon we typically talk about it these days as problem on the left but you also see it on the right side of the political spectrum if you go on a right-wing Facebook group and you say something nasty about Donald Trump I can guarantee you you will see a politically correct reaction from your audience even if they don't call it political correctness I'd also like to acknowledge that even though political correctness has a negative connotation it starts out with good intentions we all want to live in a society that has less racism and less sexism and less homophobia and transphobia the problem isn't with bad intentions behind political correctness the problem is human nature human beings love power they love the power to shut up other people and they will leverage any rule any law any standard to attain that power and that's how political correctness affects our society it's not just that we can't say a limited range of things we can't resonate with other people on any subject we want to take the subject of today's event we become more passive aggressive we become more aggressive we become more passive aggressive because we are encouraged to feel more pain more emotional discomfort when other people say things that we disagree with then we become more aggressive because we weaponize that pain that we feel we mob people on social media we attack people now it used to be political correctness in the old days when I was younger when I was at college you had to use an intermediary you had to go through government or you had to go through a human rights tribunal to shut somebody down that's not the case anymore you can go directly to Facebook or to Twitter this is one of the ways that political correctness has changed you know when I was younger the dominant metaphor was big brother from Georgia where Orwell's novel 1984 Big Brother but that model doesn't exist anymore the idea of a single authoritarian power shutting people down these days people their censorship the telescreen that existed on the wall in the novel 1984 that telescreen is now in our hands that's how we censor people we don't depend on Big Brother we have become Big Brother now some people may say well that's fine you may call it Big Brother you may call it political correctness but it's about calling people out on racism and sexism online and surely that's a good thing the problem is that the people who suffer most are the smallest fish in the ocean they're the people who don't have any power they're the people who get called out the big players on the other hand someone like for instance Jordan Peterson he doesn't get called out or if he does he has the power to overcome it Jordan Peterson of course is a tenured University of Toronto professor at the school where we're having this event he says politically correct things all the time politically incorrect things all the time but he doesn't suffer much for it in fact his last book sold I think 2 million copies because he has the power to fight back political correctness targets people who can't fight back and this plays out institutionally as well I have experience in journalism on the left and on the right I worked for a progressive liberal magazine and I also worked for a conservative newspaper it was at the left-wing liberal magazine that I saw political correctness was the most acute that's because of the crowdsource nature of political correctness these days it's the people within your own networks who hurt you so if you're a conservative it actually doesn't hurt you that much if you're a conservative the people in your networks don't mind if you say politically incorrect things in fact they're cheerleading you when I worked at that conservative newspaper my most popular columns were the ones denouncing political correctness when I went to that left-wing magazine as I said despite the fact that the actual substance of what I was publishing what I was saying was progressive stuff the people I work with were terrified of saying the wrong thing that's because the people in their social networks were the enforcers of politically correct orthodoxy this is what's different from the old days in the old days you ran afoul of a central authority these days you run afoul of your friends your colleagues your relatives people who have the same opinions as you and who monitor everything you say closely some of the smartest people I worked with in my career were at that left-wing progressive magazine but they were people who were scared to say what they wanted to say because they thought that they were always one hashtag or one syllable one pronoun one mistake away from a career-ending utterance and so they kept their mouth shut whole weeks would go by when they wouldn't say anything on Twitter or Facebook or if they did they talk about their clothes or what they ate meanwhile my conservative friends are jabbering away they don't care that's why if you remember one thing from this presentation please remember this political correctness despite the fact that it's supposed to be a left-wing doctrine hurts people on the Left more than it hurts people on the right because of the crowdsourced nature of its implementation that's why I don't like to talk about scandals that you see in the news that much because the scandals don't tell the whole story you know do I think it's terrible that some conservative professor was shut down on a university campus or someone pulled a fire alarm or ben shapiro was prevented from speaking at berkeley or something like that yeah that's annoying it's not good but the real scandal isn't those isolated scandals the real scandal is everything you don't hear about because people don't speak their mind because they're scared and so no one notices because no one says anything and as I say that hurts people on the left more than hurts people on the right this very week I said I wasn't going to talk a lot about examples but something happened this very week that I thought was highly illustrative it was it involved the children's and young adult author named Ellen oh and I could not think of a more impeccably diverse multicultural ally and advocate and is known in the world of young adult fiction for her advocacy of diversity and even started an organization called we need more diverse books she went on Twitter earlier this week and started calling out peoples that people of color can be racist to which is true and we need people of color to to be more rigorous about their messaging because a lot of them are tone deaf mistake you can imagine how people responded they say tone deaf that's insulting a few hours later she gets back on Twitter and says I'm so sorry I'm so sorry I offended people by saying the word deaf and then at the end she apologizes she says thank you for pointing out my mistake and making me a better person or words to the effect by the way this is how you can always tell if you're in the midst of a politically correct cult if people end by thanking their tormentors for pointing out how horrible they are you know when when the witches thank the witch hunters that's when you know that during a cult and this is a serious problem and as I say it's limiting the range of opinions people hear and in fact it attacks the very premise of this event we're having the idea of resonance resonance works great when you're on the same wavelength with somebody when someone is on a different wavelength the concept of resonance both in physics and in society it becomes more complicated and you need a robust society a robust commitment to freedom of speech so that people who have different wavelengths can communicate with each other and don't shut each other down so what are the solutions I see three solutions oh I see more but I have a limited amount of time the first is we shouldn't be part of the problem it means if we disagree with somebody you hear something you disagree with try not to medicalize it try not to assign psychic pain or emotional discomfort to it without first saying maybe I just disagreed with that it doesn't mean I'm suffering some kind of medical reaction to it now there are some kinds of words and phrases that truly are medically painful in the way they they affect us we all know those those words and phrases I'm not gonna repeat them here in those cases it's fine to say those words hurt me because some words really do hurt I get that but in borderline cases ask yourself is the pain I'm feeling is the discomfort I'm feeling is it authentic or is it a political artifact of the environment in which we live where I am encouraged to experience different kinds of opinions different senses of humor different kinds of communication as authoring as a form of attack on me when it's not sometimes it's just at different wavelengths that happens - so ask yourself that cross examine yourself about your reaction to things the other thing is when somebody does force you to submit to political correctness try to resist but I'm not naive I know that especially for young people it's impossible sometimes sometimes to keep your job or to keep your place in school or to keep yourself you're placing a peer group it's necessary to submit to politically correct regimes but what I would ask is that if you do have to submit destroy the premise of the person who is trying to shut you up say to them look I get it I have to delete the tweet I have to apologize I have to do this I have to go to a diversity class or what not because of what I said fine you have more power than me that's why I'm doing what you want me to do not because I agree with the premise that I caused anybody psychological pain but because you have more power than me I also will tell you that if the roles are reversed in a few years and I have that power over you I will not be using that power in the same way because I want to live in a society where free speech is valued more than the feelings of people who may or may not be offended by what I have to say the third thing I would say my third solution voice your community regardless of whether or not you're offended I happen to be Jewish when I'm online and I see somebody getting called out for saying something that's allegedly anti-semitic bad joke stereotype if I don't think it's anti-semitic I will say so I will jump in and say I'm Jewish I don't find that offensive relax we've all seen Seinfeld we can tell the jokes I tried to use my moral capital as a Jew to say that something isn't anti-semitic if it's not and you can do the same thing with it whether you're gay trans black Jewish not Jewish it doesn't matter voice your community regardless of whether you're offended or not because if we leave the marketplace of ideas to people who are constantly offended and we don't speak up when we're not offending we have no one else to blame but ourselves if the marketplace of ideas is taken over by Big Brother's little minions thank you you What kind of person gets their coffee at a petrol station & warms it up in the microwave? Why does Jonathan introduce himself this way? What bridges does he want to build? [00:30-01:04] He probably does it not to offend a person who works at a petrol station and makes this coffee by saying that the drink is cold. He doesn’t want to make any fuss about it and look like he’s nitpicking < ! - - (Tatiana Bogomolova) - - > ✓ His action of getting coffee at a petrol station and warming it in the microwave may symbolize a practical, no-frills approach to life, which could be perceived as a low-context behavior. It also represents a pragmatic, down-to-earth mindset. His choice of coffee and method of preparation could align with a linear-active mindset, which values efficiency and straightforwardness. It may resonate with cultures that emphasize a focus on indulgence versus restraint, favoring simplicity over extravagance --> ]]> fastidiousness = trait of being meticulous about matters of taste or style fastidious /fəsˈtɪdɪəs/ = very careful in matters of choice or taste; fussy Why is the problem of political correctness ageless? [01:31-02:01] ✓ goes back in fact to ancient times since people have been using words ✓ they have been using those words to shut down people who are using words that they don't like 〆political correctness is leveraged to silence opposing viewpoints → maintain existing power structures = arguably synonymous of high uncertainty avoidance = reminiscent of collectivism & restraint rather than more progressive, indulgence oriented individualism ✓ some of the foundational and most violent disputes in Islam and Judaism and Christianity involve people trying to dictate what language other people use what languages they use for God or for prayer or for believers or for heretics = inclination to control language and expression → reduce potential sources of conflict or confusion → high uncertainty avoidance What does he mean by political correctness being a bipartisan phenomenon? [02:21] ✓ problem is on the left but you also see it on the right side of the political spectrum → any political group can demonstrate tendencies to control language → any political group can conform to certain standards in ways that limit open discourse bipartisan /baɪˌpɑ:tɪˈzæn/ = involving two (political) parties Why aren't good intentions just not enough? [02:45] ✓ we all want to live in a society that has less racism and less sexism and less homophobia and transphobia 〆the problem is human nature → human beings love power → they love the power to shut up other people → they will leverage any rule, any law, any standard to attain that power = restraint rather than indulgence Why are we becoming more passive aggressive? [03:42] ✓ we are encouraged to feel more pain, more emotional discomfort when other people say things that we disagree with ✓ we weaponise that pain → individuals avoid direct confrontation → resort instead to passive-aggressive tactics when faced with disagreement or emotional discomfort How was political correctness in the old days, how has it changed now? [04:08-05:16] ✓ the dominant metaphor was Big Brother from George Orwell's novel 1984 Big Brother = idea of a single authoritarian power shutting people down → high uncertainty avoidance, restraint and power distance ✓ we have become Big Brother → nowadays, we can call people out on racism and sexism online = levels of indulgence and uncertainty avoidance have decreased → majority of people are not afraid to take risks and express their opinions mobbing = bullying of an individual by a group, in any context, such as a family, peer group, school, workplace, neighbourhood, community, or online. When it occurs as physical and emotional abuse in the workplace, such as "ganging up" by co-workers, subordinates or superiors, to force someone out of the workplace through rumour, innuendo, intimidation, humiliation, discrediting, and isolation, it is also referred to as malicious, non-sexual, non-racial/racial, general harassment What does Jonathan contest about political correctness? [05:20-06:08] ✓ political correctness targets people who can't fight back 〆big wigs can get away with politically incorrect contents = can afford to do so because of their reputation & their power to fight back big wig = important person Why does political correctness as a left-wing doctrine hurt actually people more on the left than on the right end of the spectrum? [06:24-07:10] ✓ politically correct behaviour is supposed to be a left-wing doctrine → care about the minorities 〆hurts people on the left more than it hurts people on the right → should be extremely careful of every single hashtag/syllable/pronoun e.g. firefighter ← fireman house-maker ← house-wife chalkboard ← blackboard Why are some people terrified of saying the wrong thing? What has changed? [07:11] ✓ people in their social networks are the enforcers of politically correct orthodoxy = different from the old days → in the old days you ran afoul of a central authority → these days you run afoul of your friends, your colleagues, your relatives = people who have the same opinions as you but who monitor everything you say closely 〆always one hashtag, or one syllable, one pronoun, one mistake away from a career-ending utterance = increased awareness and scrutiny of language → unreported cases where individuals self-censor out of fear ✓ political correctness is leveraged to silence opposing viewpoints → maintain existing power structures enforcer = one whose job it is to execute unpleasant tasks for a superior to run afoul /ə'faul/ of sth (AmEn) = to do sth that is not allowed by a law or rule or sth that people in authority disapprove of What is the real scandal about political correctness? [08:53-09:20] ✓ you don't hear everything because people don't speak their mind ✓ refrain from self-expression = fear of facing backlash → opt to remain silent = self-censorship → no one notices → limiting the range of opinions people hear to undermine = to make sth, especially sb's confidence or authority, gradually weaker or less effective; to make sth weaker at the base, for example by digging under it backlash (~ against | from) = strong negative reaction by a large number of people, for example to sth that has recently changed in society What solutions does Jonathan recommend? What question(s) should one ask themselves? [11:25] → 3 solutions [12:25] [13:00] [14:14] if we disagree with somebody, or you hear something you disagree with → try not to medicalize it [12:25] i.e. not to assign psychic pain or emotional discomfort to it e.g. Is the pain or discomfort I'm feeling authentic or a political artefact of the environment in which we live, where I am encouraged to experience different kinds of opinions? → resist if someone forces you to submit [13:00] → voice your community if you think it's not offending [14:14] artefact = feature not naturally present, introduced during preparation or investigation to go against the grain = to be contrary to the natural inclination or feeling of someone or something to medicalise = to identify a condition as a disease so as to get treatment in order to improve your overall quality of life What conclusions are drawn? Do you agree with them? [15:06] ✓ don't stifle free speech . if we allow the marketplace of ideas to be dominated by easily offended individuals . if we fail to defend our own viewpoints when they are not offensive → we are responsible for any consequences that arise to stifle /'staifəl/ = to prevent sth from happening; to prevent a feeling from being expressed Speech was given to man to hide his thoughts French diplomat and politician Charles Maurice de Talleyrand-Périgord (1754–1838) Do you agree with this quote? Is it still true today? ]]> ✓ language is frequently used as a tool for deception, diplomacy, or discretion rather than for honest, transparent communication → spoken words are used to conceal true feelings, intentions, or private thoughts 41 fastidiousness = trait of being meticulous about matters of taste or style fastidious /fəsˈtɪdɪəs/ = very careful in matters of choice or taste; fussy bipartisan /baɪˌpɑ:tɪˈzæn/ = involving two (political) parties mobbing = bullying of an individual by a group, in any context, such as a family, peer group, school, workplace, neighbourhood, community, or online. When it occurs as physical and emotional abuse in the workplace, such as "ganging up" by co-workers, subordinates or superiors, to force someone out of the workplace through rumour, innuendo, intimidation, humiliation, discrediting, and isolation, it is also referred to as malicious, non-sexual, non-racial/racial, general harassment big wig = important person enforcer = one whose job it is to execute unpleasant tasks for a superior to run afoul /ə'faul/ of sth (AmEn) = to do sth that is not allowed by a law or rule or sth that people in authority disapprove of to undermine = to make sth, especially sb's confidence or authority, gradually weaker or less effective; to make sth weaker at the base, for example by digging under it backlash (~ against | from) = strong negative reaction by a large number of people, for example to sth that has recently changed in society artefact = feature not naturally present, introduced during preparation or investigation to go against the grain = to be contrary to the natural inclination or feeling of someone or something to medicalise = to identify a condition as a disease so as to get treatment in order to improve your overall quality of life to stifle /'staifəl/ = to prevent sth from happening; to prevent a feeling from being expressed 40 is are scrutinised They say I am a communist despite the fact (that) I am so wealthy but... ]]> component /kəmˈpəunənt/ 20260213 10:15-11:15 MSK | 11:15-12:15 SAMT 1.5 2500 active Political correctness works for no one By the end of this session you will have studied Political Correctness Works For No One | Jonathan Kay | TEDxUTSC - 16 Sept 2019 Jonathan Kay is the Canadian editor for Quillette.com, a host of the Quillette and Wrongspeak podcasts, a book author and a columnist. His work has appeared recently in the National Post, Washington Post, The Atlantic, CBC.ca, Foreign Affairs and Maclean’s. His books include Among The Truthers(HarperCollins, 2011) and Legacy: How French Canadians Shaped North America (Signal, 2016). He is currently working on two book projects scheduled for publication in 2019. He tweets daily on the news at @jonkay. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tPdMG3oFGac → watch the video → answer the questions zoom_meeting.png Zoom meeting details Profi.ru - D.Potter Zoom Meeting (recurring) Meeting ID: 765 1187 4648 Password: pFGjq3 https://us04web.zoom.us/j/76511874648?pwd=pqq81L5Zbdw6lT8hToYVMKUIJsisYn.1 ]]> 39 3 Micro assaults (common racial micro aggressions 1/2) pix/icons8-dictionary-100_white.png active wip 3 xml_multi_dd_row xml_multi_dd_row xml_multi_dd Does micro racism exist, or is it just another controversial lack of political correctness? Are you com-FOR-TA-ble? What is this ve-GE-TA-ble? iRabbit Indian help desk Sir, did you just head wobble and do the Indian accent? (...) I sense micro racism & nano supremacy in your assertions. video British 🇬🇧or Indian 🇮🇳accent? | iRabbit #4 Moontajska Productions https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OwRvUCi2s1U Why could this be considered a micro aggression? = remarks and behaviours which might be experienced occasionally and brushed off as ‘rude’ or ‘inconsiderate’ by white people, and are amplified by being a constant part of the affected person’s daily experience → match the micro assaults with the categories → give examples ]]> 30 12 left 1;2;3 4;5 6;7 https://www.ed.ac.uk/equality-diversity/students/microaggressions/racial-microaggressions/common-racial-micro-agressions ]]> 38 4 Micro insults & invalidations (common racial micro aggressions 2/2) pix/icons8-dictionary-100_white.png active wip xml_multi_dd_row xml_multi_dd_row xml_multi_dd Have you ever experienced micro insults, and / or suffered from micro invalidation? = variety of subtle snubs, conveying a hidden insult to the recipient. Perpetrators are usually unaware they are speaking from bias → micro invalidation = communications that negate or nullify the thoughts, feelings or experiential reality of a person of colour → match the micro insults & invalidations with the categories → give examples ]]> 40 20 left 1;2;3;4;5;6 7;8;9;10;11;12;13;14 https://www.ed.ac.uk/equality-diversity/students/microaggressions/racial-microaggressions/common-racial-micro-agressions ]]> 37 to brush off = to bar from attention or consideration, to disregard slur = unfair remark about sb/sth that may damage other people's opinion of them supremacy = position in which you have more power, authority or status than anyone else Negro = (old-fashioned, often offensive) member of a race of people with dark skin who originally came from Africa swastika /ˈswɔstɪkə/ = ancient symbol in the form of a cross with its ends bent at an angle of 90 degrees, used in the 20th century as the symbol of the German Nazi party subjugation = forced submission to control by others; oppression micro insult = variety of subtle snubs, conveying a hidden insult to the recipient. Perpetrators are usually unaware they are speaking from bias micro invalidation = communications that negate or nullify the thoughts, feelings or experiential reality of a person of colour Negro = (old-fashioned, often offensive) member of a race of people with dark skin who originally came from Africa snub = action or a comment that is deliberately rude in order to show sb that you do not like or respect them 36 1 Political correctness works for no one - Jonathan Kay 20240110 hw20240117 active wip edit_ol_qa prep_ol_qa pix/icons8-collaboration-100_white.png Do you believe political correctness really makes things better? For whom? Political Correctness Works For No One | Jonathan Kay | TEDxUTSC - 16 Sept 2019 Jonathan Kay is the Canadian editor for Quillette.com, a host of the Quillette and Wrongspeak podcasts, a book author and a columnist. His work has appeared recently in the National Post, Washington Post, The Atlantic, CBC.ca, Foreign Affairs and Maclean’s. His books include Among The Truthers(HarperCollins, 2011) and Legacy: How French Canadians Shaped North America (Signal, 2016). He is currently working on two book projects scheduled for publication in 2019. He tweets daily on the news at @jonkay. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tPdMG3oFGac → watch the video → answer the questions ]]> political_correctness_works_for_no_one_jonathan_kay_TEDxUTSC_tPdMG3oFGac.mp4 Introduction my name is Jonathan Kaye I'm the Canadian editor for Colette comm a podcaster a book author many people in the Twitter community have described me as a professional shitty story one of the previous speakers she mentioned about her intersectional nature she talked about going to Starbucks and being the one who had the really really complicated latte I just warned you I'm the guy who goes to the gas station and gets the instant coffee in the microwave so my perspective is a little different but I do want to build bridges my subject is political correctness and I think when people look at someone like me they assume that I'm gonna start my presentation by going through a long angry list of recent episodes and controversies people who got shut up or were censored or were mobbed in some way but I don't want to recite that list of controversies because I think most people in this room already know the episodes I'm talking about they're pretty well covered in the news I also want to make sure that when people watch this video on YouTube which I hope they do in coming years they find it relevant in a way that goes past recent headlines because the problem of political correctness that I'm talking about is a problem that is ageless it's a problem that goes back in fact to ancient times since people have been using words they have been using those words to shut down people who are using words that they don't like some of the foundational and most violent disputes in Islam and Judaism and Christianity involve people trying to dictate what language other people use what languages they use for God or for prayer or for believers or for heretics and many of those discussions that were had many of those arguments and controversies essentially followed the same politically correct pattern that now dictates the arguments we have over land and hashtags and everything else that informs our arguments about this subject I also want to acknowledge the fact that political correctness is a bipartisan phenomenon we typically talk about it these days as problem on the left but you also see it on the right side of the political spectrum if you go on a right-wing Facebook group and you say something nasty about Donald Trump I can guarantee you you will see a politically correct reaction from your audience even if they don't call it political correctness I'd also like to acknowledge that even though political correctness has a negative connotation it starts out with good intentions we all want to live in a society that has less racism and less sexism and less homophobia and transphobia the problem isn't with bad intentions behind political correctness the problem is human nature human beings love power they love the power to shut up other people and they will leverage any rule any law any standard to attain that power and that's how political correctness affects our society it's not just that we can't say a limited range of things we can't resonate with other people on any subject we want to take the subject of today's event we become more passive aggressive we become more aggressive we become more passive aggressive because we are encouraged to feel more pain more emotional discomfort when other people say things that we disagree with then we become more aggressive because we weaponize that pain that we feel we mob people on social media we attack people now it used to be political correctness in the old days when I was younger when I was at college you had to use an intermediary you had to go through government or you had to go through a human rights tribunal to shut somebody down that's not the case anymore you can go directly to Facebook or to Twitter this is one of the ways that political correctness has changed you know when I was younger the dominant metaphor was big brother from Georgia where Orwell's novel 1984 Big Brother but that model doesn't exist anymore the idea of a single authoritarian power shutting people down these days people their censorship the telescreen that existed on the wall in the novel 1984 that telescreen is now in our hands that's how we censor people we don't depend on Big Brother we have become Big Brother now some people may say well that's fine you may call it Big Brother you may call it political correctness but it's about calling people out on racism and sexism online and surely that's a good thing the problem is that the people who suffer most are the smallest fish in the ocean they're the people who don't have any power they're the people who get called out the big players on the other hand someone like for instance Jordan Peterson he doesn't get called out or if he does he has the power to overcome it Jordan Peterson of course is a tenured University of Toronto professor at the school where we're having this event he says politically correct things all the time politically incorrect things all the time but he doesn't suffer much for it in fact his last book sold I think 2 million copies because he has the power to fight back political correctness targets people who can't fight back and this plays out institutionally as well I have experience in journalism on the left and on the right I worked for a progressive liberal magazine and I also worked for a conservative newspaper it was at the left-wing liberal magazine that I saw political correctness was the most acute that's because of the crowdsource nature of political correctness these days it's the people within your own networks who hurt you so if you're a conservative it actually doesn't hurt you that much if you're a conservative the people in your networks don't mind if you say politically incorrect things in fact they're cheerleading you when I worked at that conservative newspaper my most popular columns were the ones denouncing political correctness when I went to that left-wing magazine as I said despite the fact that the actual substance of what I was publishing what I was saying was progressive stuff the people I work with were terrified of saying the wrong thing that's because the people in their social networks were the enforcers of politically correct orthodoxy this is what's different from the old days in the old days you ran afoul of a central authority these days you run afoul of your friends your colleagues your relatives people who have the same opinions as you and who monitor everything you say closely some of the smartest people I worked with in my career were at that left-wing progressive magazine but they were people who were scared to say what they wanted to say because they thought that they were always one hashtag or one syllable one pronoun one mistake away from a career-ending utterance and so they kept their mouth shut whole weeks would go by when they wouldn't say anything on Twitter or Facebook or if they did they talk about their clothes or what they ate meanwhile my conservative friends are jabbering away they don't care that's why if you remember one thing from this presentation please remember this political correctness despite the fact that it's supposed to be a left-wing doctrine hurts people on the Left more than it hurts people on the right because of the crowdsourced nature of its implementation that's why I don't like to talk about scandals that you see in the news that much because the scandals don't tell the whole story you know do I think it's terrible that some conservative professor was shut down on a university campus or someone pulled a fire alarm or ben shapiro was prevented from speaking at berkeley or something like that yeah that's annoying it's not good but the real scandal isn't those isolated scandals the real scandal is everything you don't hear about because people don't speak their mind because they're scared and so no one notices because no one says anything and as I say that hurts people on the left more than hurts people on the right this very week I said I wasn't going to talk a lot about examples but something happened this very week that I thought was highly illustrative it was it involved the children's and young adult author named Ellen oh and I could not think of a more impeccably diverse multicultural ally and advocate and is known in the world of young adult fiction for her advocacy of diversity and even started an organization called we need more diverse books she went on Twitter earlier this week and started calling out peoples that people of color can be racist to which is true and we need people of color to to be more rigorous about their messaging because a lot of them are tone deaf mistake you can imagine how people responded they say tone deaf that's insulting a few hours later she gets back on Twitter and says I'm so sorry I'm so sorry I offended people by saying the word deaf and then at the end she apologizes she says thank you for pointing out my mistake and making me a better person or words to the effect by the way this is how you can always tell if you're in the midst of a politically correct cult if people end by thanking their tormentors for pointing out how horrible they are you know when when the witches thank the witch hunters that's when you know that during a cult and this is a serious problem and as I say it's limiting the range of opinions people hear and in fact it attacks the very premise of this event we're having the idea of resonance resonance works great when you're on the same wavelength with somebody when someone is on a different wavelength the concept of resonance both in physics and in society it becomes more complicated and you need a robust society a robust commitment to freedom of speech so that people who have different wavelengths can communicate with each other and don't shut each other down so what are the solutions I see three solutions oh I see more but I have a limited amount of time the first is we shouldn't be part of the problem it means if we disagree with somebody you hear something you disagree with try not to medicalize it try not to assign psychic pain or emotional discomfort to it without first saying maybe I just disagreed with that it doesn't mean I'm suffering some kind of medical reaction to it now there are some kinds of words and phrases that truly are medically painful in the way they they affect us we all know those those words and phrases I'm not gonna repeat them here in those cases it's fine to say those words hurt me because some words really do hurt I get that but in borderline cases ask yourself is the pain I'm feeling is the discomfort I'm feeling is it authentic or is it a political artifact of the environment in which we live where I am encouraged to experience different kinds of opinions different senses of humor different kinds of communication as authoring as a form of attack on me when it's not sometimes it's just at different wavelengths that happens - so ask yourself that cross examine yourself about your reaction to things the other thing is when somebody does force you to submit to political correctness try to resist but I'm not naive I know that especially for young people it's impossible sometimes sometimes to keep your job or to keep your place in school or to keep yourself you're placing a peer group it's necessary to submit to politically correct regimes but what I would ask is that if you do have to submit destroy the premise of the person who is trying to shut you up say to them look I get it I have to delete the tweet I have to apologize I have to do this I have to go to a diversity class or what not because of what I said fine you have more power than me that's why I'm doing what you want me to do not because I agree with the premise that I caused anybody psychological pain but because you have more power than me I also will tell you that if the roles are reversed in a few years and I have that power over you I will not be using that power in the same way because I want to live in a society where free speech is valued more than the feelings of people who may or may not be offended by what I have to say the third thing I would say my third solution voice your community regardless of whether or not you're offended I happen to be Jewish when I'm online and I see somebody getting called out for saying something that's allegedly anti-semitic bad joke stereotype if I don't think it's anti-semitic I will say so I will jump in and say I'm Jewish I don't find that offensive relax we've all seen Seinfeld we can tell the jokes I tried to use my moral capital as a Jew to say that something isn't anti-semitic if it's not and you can do the same thing with it whether you're gay trans black Jewish not Jewish it doesn't matter voice your community regardless of whether you're offended or not because if we leave the marketplace of ideas to people who are constantly offended and we don't speak up when we're not offending we have no one else to blame but ourselves if the marketplace of ideas is taken over by Big Brother's little minions thank you you What kind of person gets their coffee at a petrol station & warms it up in the microwave? Why does Jonathan introduce himself this way? What bridges does he want to build? [00:30-01:04] He probably does it not to offend a person who works at a petrol station and makes this coffee by saying that the drink is cold. He doesn’t want to make any fuss about it and look like he’s nitpicking < ! - - (Tatiana Bogomolova) - - > ✓ His action of getting coffee at a petrol station and warming it in the microwave may symbolize a practical, no-frills approach to life, which could be perceived as a low-context behavior. It also represents a pragmatic, down-to-earth mindset. His choice of coffee and method of preparation could align with a linear-active mindset, which values efficiency and straightforwardness. It may resonate with cultures that emphasize a focus on indulgence versus restraint, favoring simplicity over extravagance --> ]]> fastidiousness = trait of being meticulous about matters of taste or style fastidious /fəsˈtɪdɪəs/ = very careful in matters of choice or taste; fussy Why is the problem of political correctness ageless? [01:31-02:01] ✓ goes back in fact to ancient times since people have been using words ✓ they have been using those words to shut down people who are using words that they don't like 〆political correctness is leveraged to silence opposing viewpoints → maintain existing power structures = arguably synonymous of high uncertainty avoidance = reminiscent of collectivism & restraint rather than more progressive, indulgence oriented individualism ✓ some of the foundational and most violent disputes in Islam and Judaism and Christianity involve people trying to dictate what language other people use what languages they use for God or for prayer or for believers or for heretics = inclination to control language and expression → reduce potential sources of conflict or confusion → high uncertainty avoidance What does he mean by political correctness being a bipartisan phenomenon? [02:21] ✓ problem is on the left but you also see it on the right side of the political spectrum → any political group can demonstrate tendencies to control language → any political group can conform to certain standards in ways that limit open discourse bipartisan /baɪˌpɑ:tɪˈzæn/ = involving two (political) parties Why aren't good intentions just not enough? [02:45] ✓ we all want to live in a society that has less racism and less sexism and less homophobia and transphobia 〆the problem is human nature → human beings love power → they love the power to shut up other people → they will leverage any rule, any law, any standard to attain that power = restraint rather than indulgence Why are we becoming more passive aggressive? [03:42] ✓ we are encouraged to feel more pain, more emotional discomfort when other people say things that we disagree with ✓ we weaponise that pain → individuals avoid direct confrontation → resort instead to passive-aggressive tactics when faced with disagreement or emotional discomfort How was political correctness in the old days, how has it changed now? [04:08-05:16] ✓ the dominant metaphor was Big Brother from George Orwell's novel 1984 Big Brother = idea of a single authoritarian power shutting people down → high uncertainty avoidance, restraint and power distance ✓ we have become Big Brother → nowadays, we can call people out on racism and sexism online = levels of indulgence and uncertainty avoidance have decreased → majority of people are not afraid to take risks and express their opinions mobbing = bullying of an individual by a group, in any context, such as a family, peer group, school, workplace, neighbourhood, community, or online. When it occurs as physical and emotional abuse in the workplace, such as "ganging up" by co-workers, subordinates or superiors, to force someone out of the workplace through rumour, innuendo, intimidation, humiliation, discrediting, and isolation, it is also referred to as malicious, non-sexual, non-racial/racial, general harassment What does Jonathan contest about political correctness? [05:20-06:08] ✓ political correctness targets people who can't fight back 〆big wigs can get away with politically incorrect contents = can afford to do so because of their reputation & their power to fight back big wig = important person Why does political correctness as a left-wing doctrine hurt actually people more on the left than on the right end of the spectrum? [06:24-07:10] ✓ politically correct behaviour is supposed to be a left-wing doctrine → care about the minorities 〆hurts people on the left more than it hurts people on the right → should be extremely careful of every single hashtag/syllable/pronoun e.g. firefighter ← fireman house-maker ← house-wife chalkboard ← blackboard Why are some people terrified of saying the wrong thing? What has changed? [07:11] ✓ people in their social networks are the enforcers of politically correct orthodoxy = different from the old days → in the old days you ran afoul of a central authority → these days you run afoul of your friends, your colleagues, your relatives = people who have the same opinions as you but who monitor everything you say closely 〆always one hashtag, or one syllable, one pronoun, one mistake away from a career-ending utterance = increased awareness and scrutiny of language → unreported cases where individuals self-censor out of fear ✓ political correctness is leveraged to silence opposing viewpoints → maintain existing power structures enforcer = one whose job it is to execute unpleasant tasks for a superior to run afoul of sth (AmEn) = to do sth that is not allowed by a law or rule or sth that people in authority disapprove of What is the real scandal about political correctness? [08:53-09:20] ✓ you don't hear everything because people don't speak their mind ✓ refrain from self-expression = fear of facing backlash → opt to remain silent = self-censorship → no one notices → limiting the range of opinions people hear to undermine = to make sth, especially sb's confidence or authority, gradually weaker or less effective; to make sth weaker at the base, for example by digging under it backlash (~ against | from) = strong negative reaction by a large number of people, for example to sth that has recently changed in society What solutions does Jonathan recommend? What question(s) should one ask themselves? [11:25] → 3 solutions [12:25] [13:00] [14:14] if we disagree with somebody, or you hear something you disagree with → try not to medicalize it [12:25] i.e. not to assign psychic pain or emotional discomfort to it e.g. Is the pain or discomfort I'm feeling authentic or a political artefact of the environment in which we live, where I am encouraged to experience different kinds of opinions? → resist if someone forces you to submit [13:00] → voice your community if you think it's not offending [14:14] artefact = feature not naturally present, introduced during preparation or investigation to go against the grain = to be contrary to the natural inclination or feeling of someone or something to medicalise = to identify a condition as a disease so as to get treatment in order to improve your overall quality of life What conclusions are drawn? Do you agree with them? [15:06] ✓ don't stifle free speech . if we allow the marketplace of ideas to be dominated by easily offended individuals . if we fail to defend our own viewpoints when they are not offensive → we are responsible for any consequences that arise to stifle /'staifəl/ = to prevent sth from happening; to prevent a feeling from being expressed 35 fastidiousness = trait of being meticulous about matters of taste or style fastidious /fəsˈtɪdɪəs/ = very careful in matters of choice or taste; fussy bipartisan /baɪˌpɑ:tɪˈzæn/ = involving two (political) parties mobbing = bullying of an individual by a group, in any context, such as a family, peer group, school, workplace, neighbourhood, community, or online. When it occurs as physical and emotional abuse in the workplace, such as "ganging up" by co-workers, subordinates or superiors, to force someone out of the workplace through rumour, innuendo, intimidation, humiliation, discrediting, and isolation, it is also referred to as malicious, non-sexual, non-racial/racial, general harassment big wig = important person enforcer = one whose job it is to execute unpleasant tasks for a superior to run afoul of sth (AmEn) = to do sth that is not allowed by a law or rule or sth that people in authority disapprove of to undermine = to make sth, especially sb's confidence or authority, gradually weaker or less effective; to make sth weaker at the base, for example by digging under it backlash (~ against | from) = strong negative reaction by a large number of people, for example to sth that has recently changed in society artefact = feature not naturally present, introduced during preparation or investigation to go against the grain = to be contrary to the natural inclination or feeling of someone or something to medicalise = to identify a condition as a disease so as to get treatment in order to improve your overall quality of life to stifle /'staifəl/ = to prevent sth from happening; to prevent a feeling from being expressed 34 to people to express themselves It is spreaded spread among the members of society ]]> 20260209 10:15-11:15 MSK | 11:15-12:15 SAMT 1.5 2500 active British 🇬🇧or Indian 🇮🇳accent? | iRabbit #4 By the end of this session you will have studied British 🇬🇧or Indian 🇮🇳accent? | iRabbit #4 Moontajska Productions https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OwRvUCi2s1U → watch the video → answer the questions zoom_meeting.png Zoom meeting details Profi.ru - D.Potter Zoom Meeting (recurring) Meeting ID: 765 1187 4648 Password: pFGjq3 https://us04web.zoom.us/j/76511874648?pwd=pqq81L5Zbdw6lT8hToYVMKUIJsisYn.1 ]]> 33 7 Politically correct language 2/2 pix/icons8-hand-with-pen-100_white.png active wip edit_ol_qa_writing prep_ol_qa_writing edit_ol_qa pix/icons8-collaboration-100_white.png ✓ many proverbs are timeless, regardless of their country of origin → is using proverbs a reliable way to communicate across cultures? 〆probably not ]]> Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy and wise. man → people Is this more culturally true of people who live in northern parts of the hemisphere? He who cannot obey cannot command. He → A person Will you have enough self-discipline to do what you pray? A man's home is his castle. A person's home is their castle. Is this still true in today's on-line world? ✓ home may feel like a shell to protect oneself ✓ thanks to telework people may have both a social and professional life from their home Every man has his hobby horse. Everyone has their hobby horse. hobby horse = (sometimes disapproving) subject that sb feels strongly about and likes to talk about He is happy that thinks himself so. They are happy that think themselves so. ↔ Happy are those who think themselves so. Has pursuit of happiness become easier in the past centuries? 32 1 Native speakers' dialect active edit_ol_qa prep_ol_qa pix/icons8-movie-100_white.png Can a language be taught without being occasionally politically incorrect? ✓ if native speakers are considered politically neutral in their environment... = reminiscent of a dialect → make sure your register matches the cultural context video British 🇬🇧or Indian 🇮🇳accent? | iRabbit #4 Moontajska Productions https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OwRvUCi2s1U → watch the video → imagine what viewers may write in the comments → read sample comments → answer the questions]]> british_accent_or_indian_iRabbit_nr4_OwRvUCi2s1U.mp4 What is the Englishman accused of? [01:42] The damn thing doesn't seem to work I'm speaking the Queen's English Don't need your damn course Don't you bloody hell... It's a bloody umbrella → is speaking the Queen's English the only way to use English language properly? 〆wrong behaviour mocking Indian accent → suggests nano-supremacy = micro-racism The fool doth think he is wise, but the wise man knows himself to be a fool... Did you Shakespeare me? → quoting common wisdom may suggest a condescending approach Is using offensive language justified? 〆no, should disarm people by making them proud of themselves → don't use colloquialism which might be misunderstood ]]> damn = swear word that people use to show that they are annoyed, disappointed, etc bloody = swear word that many people find offensive that is used to emphasize a comment or an angry statement colloquialism = word or phrase that is used in conversation but not in formal speech or writing Why do you think Maria has a Soviet Union like accent? [02:15] ✓ caricature of threatening, totalitarian regime ✓ doesn't allow for cultural & linguistic diversity = deploys political correctness to the detriment of authenticity "I beg your pardon?" Why does he ask if Maria is from another planet? [02:23] ]]> ✓ he is not sure he has understood her well & pretends to be very surprised by what she is suggesting ✓ she explains they don't tolerate any racist, sexist, homophobic, white supremacist, neocolonial insinuations on their platform = woke alert ✓ initially advocating for justice, equity, and inclusion, fostering empathetic workplaces and social change 〆weaponised political term to describe perceived far-left ideologies, often conflated with "political correctness" → he thinks this is excessive because he probably doesn't consider himself using such language = fish can't see water insinuation = suggesting indirectly that sth unpleasant is true woke culture = heightened awareness of social, racial, and gender injustices, originating as a term for alertness to discrimination against marginalized groups, particularly Black people. Advocates for proactive, progressive change but has evolved into a contentious political term often used by critics to deride left-wing, identity-based, or "politically correct" ideologies to deride = to treat sb/sth as ridiculous and not worth considering seriously Do you think British English will become a dialect one day? Why / why not? ✓ it may have already... ✓ more non native people speak English than natives → approximately 7.8 billion inhabitants ✓ 1.35 billion speak English ~ 360 million people speak English as a first language ! most common first language is Chinese, then Spanish (English = 3rd) ✓ English is by far the most commonly studied Should RP (received pronunciation, aka BBC English) still be the kind of language taught? The truth is this is now reality. I was teaching in a class in a British University (can't name it here, or I will get sued!). It was a post-graduate class, and almost all the students were international, including Chinese, Indians, many East Europeans, Italians, French, German etc. There were just a couple of English students in the class. Every class had a case or exercise, so there was lots of group discussion in the class. Most of the time, students spoke with their respective accents in the class, but everybody understood each other all the time. And then one day, one of the few English students (who were mostly silent) spoke and made his point. Suddenly there was a stunned silence in the class! And I quickly realized this was because not one of the students understood a word of what he spoke (except for the couple of other English students!). This student was from Liverpool. Then one of the international students politely requested him to repeat what he said. Again, none of the students understood him. Then he repeated himself a third time. And then out of sheer frustration, he just said 'oh well, forget it', and gave up! But by then I had picked up what he said, and interpreted what he said for the rest of the class. That scene was remarkable for me. This was a British University sitting in the heart of London, offering a British PG degree. And yet, all the international students could converse and understand each other perfectly in English, except when the actual native English student spoke! That to me suggested English had now truly become an international language, and was no more owned by England! (although England will always get full credit for having created the language). @stephenmani8495 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OwRvUCi2s1U ]]> RP (received pronunciation) = approved pronunciation of British English; originally based on the King's English as spoken at public schools and at Oxford and Cambridge Universities (and widely accepted elsewhere in Britain); until recently it was the pronunciation of English used in British broadcasting to converse = to have a conversation with sb stunned silence = silence resulting from such surprise or shock that nobody can think clearly or speak 31 damn = swear word that people use to show that they are annoyed, disappointed, etc bloody = swear word that many people find offensive that is used to emphasize a comment or an angry statement colloquialism = word or phrase that is used in conversation but not in formal speech or writing insinuation = suggesting indirectly that sth unpleasant is true woke culture = heightened awareness of social, racial, and gender injustices, originating as a term for alertness to discrimination against marginalized groups, particularly Black people. Advocates for proactive, progressive change but has evolved into a contentious political term often used by critics to deride left-wing, identity-based, or "politically correct" ideologies to deride = to treat sb/sth as ridiculous and not worth considering seriously stunned silence = silence resulting from such surprise or shock that nobody can think clearly or speak RP (received pronunciation) = approved pronunciation of British English; originally based on the King's English as spoken at public schools and at Oxford and Cambridge Universities (and widely accepted elsewhere in Britain); until recently it was the pronunciation of English used in British broadcasting to converse = to have a conversation with sb stunned silence = silence resulting from such surprise or shock that nobody can think clearly or speak 30 said told that he was speaking English with a rare dialect You just say some quotas quotes ]]> discipline /ˈdɪsɪplɪn/ 20260206 10:15-11:15 MSK | 11:15-12:15 SAMT 1.5 2500 active It's all Greek to me By the end of this session you will have studied It's All Greek To Me | A Bit Of Fry &Laurie | BBC Comedy Greats A Bit of Fry & Laurie is a British sketch comedy television series written by and starring former Cambridge Footlights members Stephen Fry and Hugh Laurie, broadcast on both BBC1 and BBC2 between 1989 and 1995. It ran for four series with 26 episodes, including a 36-minute pilot episode in 1987. As in The Two Ronnies, elaborate wordplay and innuendo were staples. It frequently broke the fourth wall; characters would revert to their real-life actors mid-sketch, or the camera would often pan off set into the studio. The show was punctuated with non sequitur vox pops in a similar style to those of Monty Python's Flying Circus, often making irrelevant statements and wordplay. Laurie was also seen playing piano and other instruments and singing comical numbers https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PqZZKwCPCj8 → watch the video → answer the questions zoom_meeting.png Zoom meeting details Profi.ru - D.Potter Zoom Meeting (recurring) Meeting ID: 765 1187 4648 Password: pFGjq3 https://us04web.zoom.us/j/76511874648?pwd=pqq81L5Zbdw6lT8hToYVMKUIJsisYn.1 ]]> 29 8 It's all Greek to me active wip edit_ol_qa prep_ol_qa pix/icons8-collaboration-100_white.png 'I don't know'?
Is it all right to lose face in your culture, or will you pretend you know something at any cost rather than admit you don't?]]> It's All Greek To Me | A Bit Of Fry &Laurie | BBC Comedy Greats A Bit of Fry & Laurie is a British sketch comedy television series written by and starring former Cambridge Footlights members Stephen Fry and Hugh Laurie, broadcast on both BBC1 and BBC2 between 1989 and 1995. It ran for four series with 26 episodes, including a 36-minute pilot episode in 1987. As in The Two Ronnies, elaborate wordplay and innuendo were staples. It frequently broke the fourth wall; characters would revert to their real-life actors mid-sketch, or the camera would often pan off set into the studio. The show was punctuated with non sequitur vox pops in a similar style to those of Monty Python's Flying Circus, often making irrelevant statements and wordplay. Laurie was also seen playing piano and other instruments and singing comical numbers https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PqZZKwCPCj8 → watch the video → answer the questions.]]> This Octopus, what was it called? The Greek waiter: Where was it caught? What a question! In the sea. Hugh Laurie: Yeah... so, that should be OK, Gordon...]]> it_s_all_greek_to_me_a_bit_of_fry_and_laurie_BBC_comedy_greats_PqZZKwCPCj8.mp4 Why does the scene take place in a Greek restaurant (and not Indian for instance)? ✓ pun on words It's all Greek to me = way of saying that you do not understand something that is said or written but Hugh Laurie pretends to understand Greek well... That's a typical Londoner's reaction (...) You don't understand the Greek does things at his own tempo. You know, natural rhythms & cycles deep within them. The Yorkshireman in me respects that [00:06-00:13] Why does Hugh Laurie pretend he understands Greek culture? ]]> ✓ wants to show off how well-educated he is ✓ cultural awareness is well-thought of (= long-term orientation, uncertainty avoidance...) It's a bit forward, isn't? All that 'My lovely friends' don't (you think)? Hugh Laurie Ah well, you see, Gordon, he (the Greek waiter) spotted a kindred spirit (in me). [01:22-01:27] Why does Hugh Laurie carry on pretending he & the waiter share some same cultural values?]]> treated with respect - not the average walk-in, quick turn-over merchants [01:34] ]]> kindred /ˈkɪndrɪd/ spirit = person with similar ideas, opinions, etc Ah, I've had enough, Gordon. I'm gonna have an honest British kebab! [03:58] Why is this last reply amusing?]]> ✓ a kebab is by no means more British than a Greek meal = contradictory behaviour to long-term orientation & uncertainty avoidance observed earlier Can you think of any reasons why this comedy could be considered as not politically correct by today's standards? Why has it - or hasn't it - crossed the border? 〆stereotypical portrait of Greek waiters 〆British condescending approach ✓ collective tolerance towards witty, established comedians? ✓ British laughing at themselves = self-deprecating sense of humour (...) self-deprecating = done in a way that makes your own achievements or abilities seem unimportant; ~ humour can be used as a way to make complaints, express modesty, invoke optimal reactions. It may also be used as a way for individuals to appear more likeable and agreeable Gordon, what am I, a peasant or a busy executive? [01:58] Thanks for your input, Gordon, I hope I know my wines [02:55] Let's get out of here, this is just a tourist trap [02:13] How can a business lunch or dining out with partners help nurture relationships? Why is adherence to given social & cultural values relevant to a corporate environment? ]]> not the average walk-in, quick turn-over merchants Let's get out of here, this is just a tourist trap [02:13] ✓ you wouldn't take out guests to a pretentious restaurant with decor, music and all the bells & whistles = a Michelin-like restaurant's appearance doesn't distract from quality food → only knowledgeable people understand the difference (and not tourists) ]]> adherence = fact of behaving according to a particular rule, etc., or of following a particular set of beliefs, or a fixed way of doing sth business acumen /əˈkju:men / = ability to understand and judge things quickly and clearly bells and whistles = non-essential features, visual or functional, that are an enhancement to an object 28 fourth wall (the ~) = performance convention in which an invisible, imaginary wall separates actors from the audience. While the audience can see through this "wall", the convention assumes the actors act as if they cannot. From the 16th century onward, the rise of illusionism in staging practices, which culminated in the realism and naturalism of the theatre of the 19th century, led to the development of the fourth wall concept. innuendo = indirect remark about sb/sth, usually suggesting sth bad or rude non sequitur = statement that does not seem to follow what has just been said in any natural or logical way vox pops (vox populi) = belief or sentiment shared by most people; the voice of the people It's all Greek to me = way of saying that you do not understand something that is said or written kindred /ˈkɪndrɪd/ spirit = person with similar ideas, opinions, etc self-deprecating = done in a way that makes your own achievements or abilities seem unimportant; ~ humour can be used as a way to make complaints, express modesty, invoke optimal reactions. It may also be used as a way for individuals to appear more likeable and agreeable adherence = fact of behaving according to a particular rule, etc., or of following a particular set of beliefs, or a fixed way of doing sth business acumen /əˈkju:men / = ability to understand and judge things quickly and clearly bells and whistles = non-essential features, visual or functional, that are an enhancement to an object 27 bringing taking too long to bring food for too long He was saying that despite the fact (that) it was not long at all I don't know all wines despite although I'm a wine lover ]]> 20260202 10:15-11:15 MSK | 11:15-12:15 SAMT 1.5 2500 active Political correctness in comedies By the end of this session you will have studied Comedy as a cultural gauge | Monty Python - International Hairdressers Expedition on Everest
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Monty Python were a British comedy troupe formed in 1969 consisting of Graham Chapman, John Cleese, Terry Gilliam, Eric Idle, Terry Jones, and Michael Palin. Their work included live shows, films, albums, books, and musicals; their influence on comedy has been compared to the Beatles' influence on music. Their sketch show has been called "an important moment in the evolution of television comedy". Monty Python's Flying Circus was loosely structured as a sketch show, but its innovative stream-of-consciousness approach and Gilliam's animation skills pushed the boundaries of what was acceptable in style and content. Monty Python received the BAFTA Award for Outstanding British Contribution to Cinema in 1988. In 1998, they were awarded the AFI Star Award by the American Film Institute. Holy Grail and Life of Brian are frequently ranked on lists of the greatest comedy films. video Monty Python - International Hairdressers Expedition on Everest https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0F2SJS6B1wQ → watch the video → answer the questions zoom_meeting.png Zoom meeting details Profi.ru - D.Potter Zoom Meeting (recurring) Meeting ID: 765 1187 4648 Password: pFGjq3 https://us04web.zoom.us/j/76511874648?pwd=pqq81L5Zbdw6lT8hToYVMKUIJsisYn.1 ]]> Cross-cultural communication 26 5 Politically correct language 1/2 pix/icons8-dictionary-100_white.png 20231213 hw20231220 active wip xml_multi_dd_row xml_multi_dd_row xml_multi_dd In the European heaven... ✓ policemen are English Why is this politically incorrect? → should be 'police officers are British' Some expressions introduced for political correctness have become part of standard English now. Which do you think is the more politically correct expression? → match the expressions with the categories → look at the key: which expressions do you think sound unnatural or far-fetched? ]]> 40 20 left 1;2;3;4;5;6;7;8;9 10;11;12;13;14;15;16;17;18 unmarried mother blacklisted housewife Third World countries bald fireman Black American blackboard deaf single parent banned home-maker developing countries follically challenged firefighter African-American chalkboard hearing-impaired https://purlandtraining.com/2020/08/01/politically-correct-euphemisms/
able-bodied > non-disabled actress > actor Australian Aborigine > Native Australian bald > follically challenged barman > bar attendant bin man > cleanliness technician black bag > bin bag black person > Person of Colour black sheep > pariah blackboard > chalk board blacklisted > banned blind > sight impaired blind drunk > very drunk boring > differently interesting broken home > dysfunctional family brother / sister > sibling chairman > chair Christian name > first name Christmas > Winter Festival / Winterval cleaner > facility manager clumsy > uniquely coordinated confined to a wheelchair > wheelchair user dead > passed away / terminally unavailable deaf > hearing impaired deforestation > forest management diabetic > person with diabetes dinner lady > mealtime supervisor disease > disorder drug addict > person with a chemical dependency drug habit > substance use disorder English > British / UK citizen Eskimo > Inuit fat > overweight / big-boned fireman > firefighter forefathers > ancestors / forebears Frenchman > French person get the sack > be part of a restructuring guys > folks hairdresser > stylist headmaster / headmistress > director homeless > residentially flexible homosexual > same-sex housewife > homemaker / stay-at-home mum husband / wife > spouse / significant other idiot / class clown > behaviourally challenged illegal alien / illegal > undocumented worker Indians > Native Americans job losses > restructuring junkie > person with a drug dependency
juvenile delinquents > children at risk ladies and gentlemen > everybody lost > geographically disorientated male nurse > nurse man in the street > average person man up > be brave manhole > maintenance hole mankind > humankind man-made > synthetic manpower > workforce men / women > people Merry Christmas > Happy Holidays midget / dwarf > little person minority group > numerically challenged group Miss / Mrs > Ms nut > person with a mental health condition Oriental > Asian plastic surgery > cosmetic surgery policeman > police officer poor > marginalised postman / mailman > postal worker / mail carrier prison cell > custody suite problem > opportunity / challenge promiscuous > sexually liberated prostitute > sex worker salesman > salesperson secretary > administrative assistant sex change > sex reassignment surgery (SRS) short > vertically challenged single > flying solo skinny / thin > (very) slim slum > economically deprived area spokesman > spokesperson sportsmanship > fairness steward / stewardess > flight attendant suffers from / victim of… > has… [condition] tax man > tax officer the disabled > disabled people the elderly / old people > senior citizens Third World > Developing Nations to lie > to misspeak / be economical with the truth to man sth > to operate / crew / run sth ugly > unconventional-looking unemployed > involuntarily leisured used (goods) > pre-owned / pre-loved waiter / waitress > server / waiting staff warehouse worker > warehouse operative white European > Caucasian woman priest > priest workman > worker wrong > differently logical
]]> 25 slapstick = type of humour that is based on simple actions, for example people hitting each other, falling down, etc double entendre = word or phrase that can be understood in two different ways, one of which usually refers to sex political correctness = (sometimes disapproving) the principle of avoiding language and behaviour that may offend particular groups of people politically correct = term used to describe language, policies, or measures that are intended to avoid offence or disadvantage to members of particular groups in society. Since the late 1980s, the term has been used to describe a preference for inclusive language and avoidance of language or behaviour that can be seen as excluding, marginalizing, or insulting to groups of people disadvantaged or discriminated against, particularly groups defined by ethnicity, sex, gender, or sexual orientation. In public discourse and the media, the term is generally used as a pejorative with an implication that these policies are excessive or unwarranted 24 1 Comedy as a cultural gauge | Monty Python - International Hairdressers Expedition on Everest active wip edit_ol_qa prep_ol_qa pix/icons8-collaboration-100_white.png To what extent can comedy be representative of a culture? visual aid Monty Python were a British comedy troupe formed in 1969 consisting of Graham Chapman, John Cleese, Terry Gilliam, Eric Idle, Terry Jones, and Michael Palin. Their work included live shows, films, albums, books, and musicals; their influence on comedy has been compared to the Beatles' influence on music. Their sketch show has been called "an important moment in the evolution of television comedy". Monty Python's Flying Circus was loosely structured as a sketch show, but its innovative stream-of-consciousness approach and Gilliam's animation skills pushed the boundaries of what was acceptable in style and content. Monty Python received the BAFTA Award for Outstanding British Contribution to Cinema in 1988. In 1998, they were awarded the AFI Star Award by the American Film Institute. Holy Grail and Life of Brian are frequently ranked on lists of the greatest comedy films. video Monty Python - International Hairdressers Expedition on Everest https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0F2SJS6B1wQ → watch the video → answer the questions]]> monty_python_hairdressers_expedition_on_everest_0F2SJS6B1wQ.mp4 What minorities are mocked? ✓ homosexual communities to mock = to laugh at sb/sth in an unkind way, especially by copying what they say or do What kind of people might feel ridiculed by such stereotypical description? ✓ female activists ≠ caricature of quaintrelles → may protest against suggested traits of behaviour, depicted as grossly unfit in such circumstances ✓ active, and yet dandy, men → today's men may use perfume & still be perceived as sporty & virile ✓ (Italian) hairdressers ← Mario's salon 〆sports people & Alpinists may disregard this sketch as tacky to ridicule = to make sb/sth look silly by laughing at them or it in an unkind way dandy = man who cares a lot about his clothes and appearance quaintrelle = woman who lives life passionately, emphasizing personal style, charm, wit, and the cultivation of leisurely pleasures. Often described as a female counterpart to a "dandy," she is a sophisticated, worldly, and educated individual who focuses on refined living virile /ˈvɪraɪl/ = (usually approving) (of men) strong and full of energy, especially sexual energy; having or showing the strength and energy that is considered typical of men tacky = (informal) cheap, badly made and/or lacking in taste What cultural dimensions can be elicited from this video? ✓ joy > restraint ✓ neuroticism ✓ short term orientation ✓ femininity > masculinity ✓ little power distance ✓ individualism > collectivism ✓ low uncertainty avoidance to elicit = to draw forth, make evident (what is latent) Could this video be considered offensive by today's standards? Why / why not? ✓ perhaps regarded by LGBTQ+ as a vestige of the past, some form of collective, micro-discrimination → minorities - nowadays victimised - are portrayed only as silly, one-track-minded people 〆some societies may still be hostile to gay communities nowadays and yet not poke fun at them either → not funny any more to mock men with a feminine behaviour 〆no genuine insight of what Mount Everest expeditions are either = only a cheesy caricature → no evidence of intentional offence caused to under-represented minorities vestige = small part of sth that still exists after the rest of it has stopped existing LGBTQ+ = lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and questioning (or queer) cheesy = (slang) of low quality and without style; corny; tacky Why is the term 'hairdresser' offensive? ✓ not politically correct... → use 'stylist' instead political correctness = (sometimes disapproving) principle of avoiding language and behaviour that may offend particular groups of people 23 gauge /ɡeɪdʒ/ = instrument for measuring the amount or level of sth to mock = to laugh at sb/sth in an unkind way, especially by copying what they say or do to ridicule = to make sb/sth look silly by laughing at them or it in an unkind way virile /ˈvɪraɪl/ = (usually approving) (of men) strong and full of energy, especially sexual energy; having or showing the strength and energy that is considered typical of men tacky = (informal) cheap, badly made and/or lacking in taste to elicit = to draw forth, make evident (what is latent) LGBTQ+ = lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and questioning (or queer) - In use since the late 1980s, the initialism, as well as some of its common variants, functions as an umbrella term for marginalized sexualities and gender identities vestige = small part of sth that still exists after the rest of it has stopped existing LGBTQ+ = lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and questioning (or queer) cheesy = (slang) of low quality and without style; corny; tacky quaintrelle = woman who lives life passionately, emphasizing personal style, charm, wit, and the cultivation of leisurely pleasures. Often described as a female counterpart to a "dandy," she is a sophisticated, worldly, and educated individual who focuses on refined living 22 How What do you call a woman who is In everywhere, in every situation, you can joke about... ]]> 20260130 10:15-11:15 MSK | 11:15-12:15 SAMT 1.5 2500 lc By the end of this session you will have studied Comedy as a cultural gauge | Monty Python - International Hairdressers Expedition on Everest
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Monty Python were a British comedy troupe formed in 1969 consisting of Graham Chapman, John Cleese, Terry Gilliam, Eric Idle, Terry Jones, and Michael Palin. Their work included live shows, films, albums, books, and musicals; their influence on comedy has been compared to the Beatles' influence on music. Their sketch show has been called "an important moment in the evolution of television comedy". Monty Python's Flying Circus was loosely structured as a sketch show, but its innovative stream-of-consciousness approach and Gilliam's animation skills pushed the boundaries of what was acceptable in style and content. Monty Python received the BAFTA Award for Outstanding British Contribution to Cinema in 1988. In 1998, they were awarded the AFI Star Award by the American Film Institute. Holy Grail and Life of Brian are frequently ranked on lists of the greatest comedy films. video Monty Python - International Hairdressers Expedition on Everest https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0F2SJS6B1wQ → watch the video → answer the questions zoom_meeting.png Zoom meeting details Profi.ru - D.Potter Zoom Meeting (recurring) Meeting ID: 765 1187 4648 Password: pFGjq3 https://us04web.zoom.us/j/76511874648?pwd=pqq81L5Zbdw6lT8hToYVMKUIJsisYn.1 ]]> 21 20260126 09:45-10:45 MSK | 10:45-11:45 SAMT 1.5 2500 active Political correctness - Blackface minstrelsy By the end of this session you will have studied Politically correct minstrels? visual aid → read the short introduction → answer the questions zoom_meeting.png Zoom meeting details Profi.ru - D.Potter Zoom Meeting (recurring) Meeting ID: 765 1187 4648 Password: pFGjq3 https://us04web.zoom.us/j/76511874648?pwd=pqq81L5Zbdw6lT8hToYVMKUIJsisYn.1 ]]> Cross-cultural communication 20 2 Politically correct minstrels? active wip pix/icons8-cafe-100_white.png edit_ol_qa prep_2columns_2qa prep_ol_qa Should today's minstrels be politically correct? visual aid
A minstrel was an entertainer, initially in medieval Europe. It originally described any type of entertainer such as a musician, juggler, acrobat, singer or fool; later, from the sixteenth century, it came to mean a specialist entertainer who sang songs and played musical instruments. Minstrels performed songs which told stories of distant places or of existing or imaginary historical events. Although minstrels created their own tales, often they would memorize and embellish the works of others. Frequently they were retained by royalty and high society. As the courts became more sophisticated, minstrels were eventually replaced at court by the troubadours, and many became wandering minstrels, performing in the streets; a decline in their popularity began in the late 15th century. Minstrels fed into later traditions of travelling entertainers, which continued to be moderately strong into the early 20th century, and which has some continuity in the form of today's buskers or street musicians. ]]> Who - in today's society - would play the role of former minstrels? known for his dark comedy and reflections on politics, the English language, psychology, religion and taboo subject matter. Carlin was a frequent performer and guest host on The Tonight Show during the three-decade Johnny Carson era ✓ self-proclaimed influencers starting out on TikTok 〆gain popularity by being vulgar rather than drawing attention to societal & cultural incongruities → want to resonate with their audience → today's society is probably less politically correct ]]> incongruity = appearing strange or wrong within a particular situation; unusual or different from what is around or from what is generally happening Did you know that many sketches by Benny Hill can't be found on the internet any more? Any ideas why? visual aid
✓ not politically correct ✓ arguably insulting ✓ political correctness becomes obsolete the moment a comment is made that something is not ]]> What change(s) in cultural values does this suggest? Equity in the name of collectivism or individualism? Restraint or indulgence? ✓ caricaturing Idi Amin was acceptable because he was a dictator ✓ playing this role is not insulting, painting your face black now is → questions equity = only Afro-Americans are allowed to mock themselves 〆lost ability to laugh at ourselves? → restraint in the name of collectivism & political correctness equity = situation in which everyone is treated equally 19 3 Political correctness - Blackface minstrelsy active wip edit_ol_qa prep_ol_qa pix/icons8-cafe-100_white.png Is blackface minstrelsy truly offensive? Is political correctness an indicator of joy or restraint? video Benny Hill - Hot Gossamer (1979) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zXHTYsAJ91w → watch the video [01:28-5:14] → imagine what viewers may write in the comments → read sample comments → answer the questions]]> As an African American who adored Benny Hill this doesn't offend me at all this was hilarious to me i still crack up at this sketch 😂😂😂 @byronbenguche I watched Benny Hill, growing up, and nobody even remotely thought that this kind of thing was racist! It was the furthest from our minds! @Mortthemoose ]]> benny_hill_hot_gossamer_1979_zXHTYsAJ91w.mp4 ✓ racism ✓ sexism ✓ shortism = unfair treatment of people who are short (i.e. not tall) sexism = unfair treatment of people, especially women, because of their sex In his career Benny Hill poked fun at a lot of people, professions, and places, himself most of all. I think most of us enjoyed the comedy without giving the social implications people would come up with years later a thought. @donaldmaxie9742 (...) Because, back then, Britain was far less educated, and far more racist, than it became from the ’90s onwards. Racism was still institutionalised and systemic back then. People from all sorts of minority cultures had a fight on their hands just to get recognition. And the face of that racism was the media’s popular entertainment - movies, radio, print media, comics, shows. You would not believe how racist, sexist, ableist and queerphobic the media was, back in the day. And where the media led, the public followed. Benny Hill was not the monster. He was just following the curve. The monster was the TV station which didn’t think twice about blackfacing, or making jokes about gay people, or mothers-in-law or women drivers Alex Greene https://www.quora.com/How-come-Benny-Hill-got-a-pass-for-wearing-blackface-He-possibly-played-all-the-minority-characters-on-his-show]]> ✓ people who grew up with Benny Hill are like fish that don't see water → a caricature depends on its high context environment ✓ today, most viewers will just see people of colour dancing In the 60's, Afro Americans were often considered the best disco dancers & musicians → could be interpreted as paying tribute to their talent Fish can't see water... ableism /ˈeɪbəlɪzəm/ aka ablism, disablism (British English), anapirophobia, anapirism, disability discrimination) = discrimination and social prejudice against physically or mentally disabled people. Ableism characterizes people as they are defined by their disabilities and also classifies disabled people as being inferior to non-disabled people Do you think this performance could still be broadcast on national Tv nowadays? Why / why not? 〆probably not because politically incorrect blackface minstrelsy = indigenous American theatrical form that constituted a subgenre of the minstrel show. Intended as comic entertainment, blackface minstrelsy was performed by a group of white minstrels (travelling musicians) with black-painted faces, whose material caricatured the singing and dancing of slaves. The form reached the pinnacle of its popularity between 1850 and 1870, when it enjoyed sizeable audiences in both the United States and Britain. (src: https://www.britannica.com/art/blackface-minstrelsy) What cultural dimension(s) may have changed since this show was recorded? ✓ shift from restraint to joy / indulgence, or the opposite? ✓ shift from masculinity to femininity (...) 18 4 pix/icons8-collaboration-100_white.png Cultural heaven and hell Using stereotypical behaviour to predict outcomes active wip xml_multi_dd_row Are you familiar with stereotypical behaviours associated to certain nations? 23 6 left in the European Heaven policemen
in the European Heaven lovers
in the European Heaven everything
in the European Heaven cooks
in the European Hell policemen
in the European Hell lovers
in the European Hell everything
in the European Hell ]]> 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 masculinity ✓ low level of uncertainty avoidance = more tolerant → lovers are Italian ✓ indulgence ✓ multi-active → everything is organized by Germans ✓ high level of uncertainty avoidance ✓ linear-active approach however, in the European hell: → cooks are English ✓ individualism > collectivism → policemen are French ✓ high level of uncertainty avoidance = bureaucratic → lovers are German ✓ restraint → everything is organized by Italians ✓ multi-active ]]> 17 political correctness = (sometimes disapproving) the principle of avoiding language and behaviour that may offend particular groups of people politically correct = term used to describe language, policies, or measures that are intended to avoid offence or disadvantage to members of particular groups in society. Since the late 1980s, the term has been used to describe a preference for inclusive language and avoidance of language or behaviour that can be seen as excluding, marginalizing, or insulting to groups of people disadvantaged or discriminated against, particularly groups defined by ethnicity, sex, gender, or sexual orientation. In public discourse and the media, the term is generally used as a pejorative with an implication that these policies are excessive or unwarranted person of colour = primarily used to describe any person who is not considered "white". In its current meaning, the term originated in, and is primarily associated with, the United States; however, since the 2010s, it has been adopted elsewhere in the Anglosphere (often as person of colour), including relatively limited usage in the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, Ireland, South Africa, and Singapore (src: Wikipedia) blackface = practice of non-Black performers using burnt cork or theatrical make-up to portray a caricature of Black people on stage or in entertainment minstrel = entertainer, initially in medieval Europe. It originally described any type of entertainer such as a musician, juggler, acrobat, singer or fool; later, from the sixteenth century, it came to mean a specialist entertainer who sang songs and played musical instruments blackface minstrelsy = indigenous American theatrical form that constituted a subgenre of the minstrel show. Intended as comic entertainment, blackface minstrelsy was performed by a group of white minstrels (travelling musicians) with black-painted faces, whose material caricatured the singing and dancing of slaves. The form reached the pinnacle of its popularity between 1850 and 1870, when it enjoyed sizeable audiences in both the United States and Britain. Although blackface minstrelsy gradually disappeared from the professional theatres and became purely a vehicle for amateurs, its influence endured in later entertainment genres and media, including vaudeville theatre, radio and television programs, and the world-music and motion-picture industries of the 20th and 21st centuries (src: https://www.britannica.com/art/blackface-minstrelsy) gossamer = something super fine and delicate — like a spider web or the material of a wedding veil. The original gossamer, from which these meanings come from, is the fine, filmy substance spiders excrete to weave their webs. A dress can be gossamer-like, if its fabric is so sheer as to be see-through, or almost sexism = unfair treatment of people, especially women, because of their sex shortism = unfair treatment of people who are short (i.e. not tall) ableism /ˈeɪbəlɪzəm/ aka ablism, disablism (British English), anapirophobia, anapirism, disability discrimination) = discrimination and social prejudice against physically or mentally disabled people. Ableism characterizes people as they are defined by their disabilities and also classifies disabled people as being inferior to non-disabled people 16 unsafety absence of safety I feel myself in the centre of... He can influate influence other people ]]> 20260119 18:15-19:15 MSK | 19:15-20:15 SAMT 1.5 2500 active Case study - Regional manager in Baku | Kvass By the end of this session you will have studied Case study - Regional manager in Baku Shareholders want your company to penetrate new markets in Russia and Azerbaijan. A group of HR consultants are short-listing candidates for the position of regional sales manager in Baku.
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You are a consultant of Russian ethnicity born in Baku in the Soviet Union with local experience in sales & marketing. → brain-storm possible hurdles you may face with the local sales force e.g. power-distance, masculinity-femininity... e.g. striking a balance between local UAI (uncertainty avoidance index) and Russian LTO (long term orientation) → prepare a 5min presentation to the panel to explain your choice e.g. person-orientation approach with high-context awareness to counterbalance uncertainty avoidance zoom_meeting.png Zoom meeting details Profi.ru - D.Potter Zoom Meeting (recurring) Meeting ID: 765 1187 4648 Password: pFGjq3 https://us04web.zoom.us/j/76511874648?pwd=pqq81L5Zbdw6lT8hToYVMKUIJsisYn.1 ]]> Cross-cultural communication Regional sales manager in Baku 15 1/3 Regional sales manager in Baku active wip role_play visual aid You are a consultant of Russian ethnicity born in Baku in the Soviet Union with local experience in sales & marketing. → brain-storm possible hurdles you may face with the local sales force e.g. power-distance, masculinity-femininity... ]]> Consultant of Russian ethnicity born in Baku You believe one female director of sales has more potential than others for succeeding in this position although you are aware they have never had a female manager before. Haven't you heard of the country's recent efforts to rejuvenate its traditional image? e.g. Baku hosted the 57th Eurovision Song Contest in 2012, the 2015 European Games, 4th Islamic Solidarity Games, the European Grand Prix in 2016, the final of the 2018–19 UEFA Europa League I really don't think choosing a female director of sales would be a bad choice if she's competent! Business consultant → disagree with the other consultant → brain-storm possible hurdles a female director of sales may face with the local force I'm afraid power-distance is just too omnipresent in this country! Think about Hofstede's masculinity-femininity... On the other hand, if she's from a well-known family with an extended family of 300+ relatives, she might be intimidating enough in a patriarchal environment! 14 2/3 Regional sales manager in Baku active wip pix/icons8-lecturer-100_white.png prep_2columns_2qa prep_ol_qa visual aid → prepare a 5min presentation to the shareholders to explain your choice → make sure you answer at least the questions below ]]> Introduction
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Why may a person-oriented approach be a better choice?
• • •
How can high-context awareness help a female regional sales manager in this position between Moscow and Baku?
• • •
What steps should the regional sales manager take to counterbalance uncertainty avoidance?
• • •
Conclusion
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]]> supremacist = person who believes that their own race is better than others and should be in power • • •
• being person-oriented rather than task-oriented (femininity rather than masculinity) may be risky given high uncertainty avoidance... • but could prove more diplomatic when only starting out in new markets with new partners • you don't want to impose your views (and be perceived as a supremacist!...)
• be attentive to what is expected before launching any new strategy • learn 'to read the air' • = high-context skill
• ask a senior person from Baku to introduce him/her to the local team • use senior endorsement to satisfy local power distance & uncertainty avoidance • (...)
• • •
]]> 13 3/3 Regional sales manager in Baku 20231206 hw20231213_n1 active wip pix/icons8-hand-with-pen-100_white.png prep_2columns_2qa prep_ol_qa visual aid → write skills & qualities expected from the ideal candidate to the shareholders → justify your choice (recycle cultural dimensions terminology) ]]> Striking a balance between local UAI (uncertainty avoidance index) and Russian LTO (long term orientation vs short term normative orientation) is essential, indeed (...) → example situation 12 frugality = prudence in avoiding waste perseverance = quality of continuing to try to achieve a particular aim in spite of difficulties indulgence = (usually disapproving) the state or act of having or doing whatever you want; the state of allowing sb to have or do whatever they want; something that you allow yourself to have even though it is not essential to shortlist (sb/sth for sth) = to put sb/sth on a shortlist for a job, prize, etc to rejuvenate = to make sb/sth look or feel younger or more lively hurdle = obstacle omnipresent = present everywhere power distance = strength of social hierarchy; has been defined as the extent to which the less powerful members of organizations and institutions (like the family) accept and expect that power is distributed unequally. This represents inequality (more versus less), but defined from below, not from above. It suggests that a society's level of inequality is endorsed by the followers as much as by the leaders. Power and inequality, of course, are extremely fundamental facts of any society. All societies are unequal, but some are more unequal than others (https://scholarworks.gvsu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1014&context=orpc pg 8) masculinity-femininity = task-orientation versus person-orientation IDV (individualism-collectivism) = measures the extent to which people look out for each other as a team or look out for themselves as an individual UAI (uncertainty avoidance index) = indicates to what extent nations avoid the unknown; is not the same as risk avoidance: it deals with a society's tolerance for ambiguity. It indicates to what extent a culture programs its members to feel either uncomfortable or comfortable in unstructured situations. Unstructured situations are novel, unknown, surprising, and different from usual. Uncertainty avoiding cultures try to minimize the possibility of such situations by strict behavioural codes, laws and rules, disapproval of deviant opinions, and a belief in absolute Truth; 'there can only be one Truth and we have it' (https://scholarworks.gvsu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1014&context=orpc pg 10) LTO (long-term orientation) = expresses how societies either prioritize traditions or seek for the modern in their dealings with the present and the future IVR (indulgence vs restraint) = comparison between a country's willingness to wait for long-term benefits by holding off on instant gratification, or preferences to no restraints on enjoying life at the present gender gap = difference in opinions or attitudes between men and women concerning a variety of public and private issues, including political candidates, parties, or programmes supremacist = person who believes that their own race is better than others and should be in power to read the air = ability to discern unspoken thoughts, emotions, and intentions in a social context. In English, it would be something close to, “Read between the lines.” In Japanese society, where harmony and group cohesion are highly valued, being able to “read the air” is a vital skill; does not simply refer to gauging people's expressions as they speak; it's about nurturing the ability to sense the existing atmosphere, propose and communicate ideas for improvement, and then execute those ideas to read the room = to understand their audience and adapt what they say to suit it; to be or become aware of the opinions and attitudes of a group of people that you are talking to Cross-cultural communication 11 1/2 Kvas advertising plan active role_play visual aid You work as a (cross-cultural) marketing consultant for a soft drinks company that wants to export to new markets. ]]> Marketing consultant → convince the board of directors to export Kvass → find arguments to support its cross-cultural appeal → explain how you will adapt the advertising campaign to (a selection of) target markets e.g. China, Kazakhstan, Serbia (or any country / region relevant to you) It's a great opportunity for people to spend time together in a market featuring such strong indulgent / joy indexes! Individualist culture is dominant in that region. (...) that's why we believe generations Y and Z will enjoy spending time together away from their families. Just look at Hofstede's masculinity-femininity dimension in this region: it shows emphasis on building relationships (femininity → person-oriented) rather than being task-oriented. (...) that's why we need an advertisement which shows people going out together with friends rather than their extended family. Member of the board of directors → partly disagree with the marketing consultant → brain-storm possible obstacles to sales in target markets I'm afraid power-distance is just too omnipresent in this country! Such a drink without alcohol will never bring people from a collectivist culture together... even if it's about keeping traditions by drinking a natural drink like Kvass. Look at the changes of cultural values between your target cohorts of generations in this part of the world! (...) this means the elder generation will be more restrained & less likely to change their taste. There's too much uncertainty avoidance in your target markets: they'll never want to try our Kvass when they've had Coca-Cola for so many years! 10 2/2 Kvas advertising plan 20231201 hw20231204 active pix/icons8-hand-with-pen-100_white.png edit_ol_qa prep_ol_qa visual aid You work as a (cross-cultural) marketing consultant for a soft drinks company that wants to export to new markets. → write an advertising plan to export Kvass → support its cross-cultural appeal with relevant cultural dimensions (= recycle terminology) → describe a single, short advert for 2-3 target countries (1 paragraph only) e.g. China, Kazakhstan, Serbia (or any country / region relevant to you) → explain how you will adapt the advertising campaign to the selected target markets (with examples) ~ 350 words ]]> We believe generations Y and Z will enjoy spending time together drinking Kvass because... → examples of cross-cultural appeal (...) Our advertising plan is cost effective because we will be shooting basically the same story in different countries. In order to understand why our plan is effective, I'll explain the minor and major differences between the different versions. Indeed... → cultural characteristic of target country 1 Therefore... → scenario version 1 Indeed... → cultural characteristic of target country 2 Therefore... → scenario version 2 (...) 9 1 Can't we just print more money? active edit_ol_qa pix/icons8-collaboration-100_white.png visual https://sobrief.com/books/cant-we-just-print-more-money → answer the questions]]> https://sobrief.com/books/cant-we-just-print-more-money Key Takeaways 1. Economics is everywhere, shaping our daily choices and societal outcomes Economics affects all of us every day of our lives. Each time you make a choice about whether or not to work, whether to spend some money today or save it for tomorrow, go out for a meal or cook one at home, you are making an economic decision. Ubiquitous economic decisions. Every day, we make countless economic choices without realizing it. From deciding what to eat for breakfast to choosing a career path, these decisions involve trade-offs and opportunity costs. Economics provides a framework for understanding these choices and their implications. Markets and resource allocation. At its core, economics studies how societies allocate scarce resources. Markets play a crucial role in this process, coordinating the actions of millions of individuals through the forces of supply and demand. This "invisible hand" often leads to efficient outcomes, but not always. Societal impact. Economic forces shape not just individual choices, but entire societies. They influence: Income distribution Technological innovation Environmental sustainability Political systems Understanding these forces empowers individuals to make better decisions and engage more effectively in civic life. 2. Markets coordinate supply and demand, but can fail in crucial ways Economics can help us understand the forces that led to this happening, as well as how we should respond. Market mechanics. Markets bring together buyers and sellers, with prices acting as signals to coordinate their actions. When demand for a product increases, prices rise, incentivizing more production. This process generally leads to efficient outcomes, matching supply with demand. Market failures. However, markets can fail in important ways: Externalities: When the full costs or benefits of an action aren't reflected in market prices (e.g., pollution) Public goods: Products that benefit everyone but are difficult to charge for individually (e.g., national defense) Information asymmetries: When one party has more information than the other (e.g., used car sales) Monopolies: When a single seller dominates a market, leading to higher prices and less innovation Policy interventions. Recognizing these failures, policymakers often intervene in markets through: Regulations Taxes and subsidies Direct provision of goods and services Understanding market failures is crucial for addressing major societal challenges like climate change and healthcare provision. XXXXXXXXXXXXXXX cont. from here 3. Labor markets determine wages and employment, with inherent frictions To understand labour markets you need to not just make sense of how markets work, but understand the peculiar ways in which they interact with the idiosyncratic economics of employment. Supply and demand for labor. Wages and employment levels are determined by the interaction of labor supply (workers) and demand (employers). Factors influencing this include: Worker skills and productivity Business needs and profitability Economic conditions Labor market frictions. Unlike in idealized markets, labor markets have inherent frictions that prevent perfect matching of workers to jobs: Search costs: Time and effort required to find suitable jobs or employees Geographic constraints: Workers may be unable or unwilling to relocate for jobs Skill mismatches: Available workers may lack the skills needed for open positions Policy implications. Understanding these frictions informs policies aimed at reducing unemployment and improving labor market efficiency, such as: Job search assistance programs Education and training initiatives Labor mobility support Recognizing the complexities of labor markets helps explain persistent unemployment and wage disparities, even in otherwise healthy economies. 4. Economic growth drives long-term prosperity, but has complex impacts You're richer than your ancestors because of economic growth. That economic growth comes from a combination of several factors – most notably, improvements in technology. Drivers of growth. Long-term economic growth primarily stems from: Technological innovation Capital accumulation (investment in productive assets) Human capital development (education and skills) Institutional improvements (rule of law, property rights) Compounding effects. Over time, even small differences in growth rates lead to massive differences in living standards. This explains why modern societies are so much wealthier than those of the past. Complexities and trade-offs. While growth generally improves living standards, it can have negative side effects: Environmental degradation Inequality (if benefits are unevenly distributed) Cultural disruption Policymakers must balance promoting growth with addressing these potential downsides. Sustainable development aims to achieve growth that improves quality of life without compromising future generations' well-being. 5. International trade allows specialization and mutual benefit between nations Even if there are lots of jobs across an entire economy, that doesn't mean there are lots of jobs on offer in the area where each individual is based. Comparative advantage. The key insight of international trade theory is that countries benefit by specializing in what they're relatively best at producing, even if they're not the absolute best. This counter-intuitive idea explains why trade can benefit all parties involved. Benefits of trade: Lower prices for consumers Greater product variety Increased economic efficiency Knowledge and technology transfer Challenges and controversies. While trade generally increases overall economic welfare, it can create losers within countries: Industries facing foreign competition may decline Workers may need to transition to new sectors This has led to political backlash against globalization in some countries. Policymakers face the challenge of balancing the broad benefits of trade with addressing its localized negative impacts. 6. Inflation erodes purchasing power over time, with wide-ranging effects Inflation can be thought of as a tax on keeping money. Just as income tax might take away a fraction of your salary every month, inflation takes away a fraction of your spending power. Causes of inflation. Price increases can be driven by: Demand-pull factors: Increased spending outpacing production Cost-push factors: Rising input costs (e.g., raw materials, wages) Monetary factors: Expansion of the money supply Economic impacts. Moderate, stable inflation is generally considered beneficial, but high or unpredictable inflation can be harmful: Erodes savings and fixed incomes Creates uncertainty, hampering investment Can lead to inefficient allocation of resources Policy responses. Central banks typically aim for low, stable inflation (often around 2% annually) using tools like: Interest rate adjustments Quantitative easing/tightening Understanding inflation is crucial for personal financial planning, business decision-making, and evaluating economic policies. 7. Money and banking are built on trust, facilitating economic activity Money is ultimately a system of mutually agreed trust; over the centuries, people have looked to reinforce that trust in various ways: drawing on the 'intrinsic' value of precious metals and commodities, drawing on the resources and power of the state, or even drawing on the cool logic of computer code. Evolution of money. Money has taken many forms throughout history, from commodity-based systems to today's fiat currencies. Its core functions remain constant: Medium of exchange Store of value Unit of account Banking system. Modern economies rely on a complex banking system that: Creates money through fractional reserve lending Facilitates payments and credit Helps manage economic risks Trust and regulation. The entire monetary and banking system relies on trust. Governments and central banks play crucial roles in maintaining this trust through: Deposit insurance Bank regulations Monetary policy Understanding money and banking is essential for grasping how modern economies function and the role of financial institutions in both facilitating growth and potentially creating instability. 8. Economic crises have far-reaching consequences and are difficult to predict Economists are all too aware of this phenomenon. Even Adam Smith recognised that there are some situations in which markets end up working against the common good. Anatomy of crises. Economic crises can stem from various sources: Financial bubbles and crashes Banking system failures External shocks (e.g., pandemics, natural disasters) Policy mistakes These events can trigger a self-reinforcing cycle of declining confidence, reduced spending, and job losses. Widespread impacts. Economic crises affect far more than just financial markets: Unemployment and income loss Business failures Social and political instability Long-term "scarring" effects on growth Prediction challenges. Forecasting crises is notoriously difficult due to: Complex, interconnected economic systems Inherent unpredictability of human behavior Potential for "black swan" events While economists have developed tools to better understand and potentially mitigate crises, perfect prediction remains elusive. This underscores the importance of building resilient economic systems and maintaining policy flexibility. 9. Policymakers use various tools to manage the economy, with limitations Just like Smith's workers in the pin factory, countries tend to specialise in producing certain things – the things they're best at making –then swap these items through trade. Monetary policy. Central banks use tools like interest rate adjustments and quantitative easing to influence: Inflation Employment Overall economic activity Fiscal policy. Governments use taxation and spending to: Provide public goods and services Redistribute income Stabilize the economy during downturns Limitations and trade-offs. Economic management faces several challenges: Time lags between policy changes and their effects Unintended consequences Political constraints Globalization reducing national policy effectiveness Policy debates. Economists and policymakers often disagree on the optimal approach to managing the economy, with ongoing debates about: The appropriate balance between markets and government intervention The effectiveness of different policy tools How to address long-term challenges like inequality and climate change Understanding these policy tools and their limitations is crucial for informed civic engagement and evaluating economic proposals. Last updated: April 22, 2025 ]]> What are ubiquitous economic decisions? Every day, we make countless economic choices without realizing it. From deciding what to eat for breakfast to choosing a career path, these decisions involve trade-offs and opportunity costs. Economics provides a framework for understanding these choices and their implications invisible hand?]]> ✓ how societies allocate scarce resources ✓ markets play a crucial role in this process → coordinate actions of millions of individuals through the forces of supply and demand → often leads to efficient outcomes, but not always What is the societal impact of economic forces? ✓ income distribution ✓ technological innovation ✓ environmental sustainability ✓ political systems → understanding empowers individuals to make better decisions → engage more effectively in civic life How do market mechanics coordinate supply and demand? ✓ bring together buyers and sellers ✓ prices act as signals to coordinate actions → when demand for a product increases, prices rise → incentivise more production ✓ leads to efficient outcomes, matching supply with demand Why can markets fail to coordinate supply and demand? How should we respond to that? ✓ externalities = when the full costs or benefits of an action aren't reflected in market prices (e.g., pollution) ✓ public goods = products that benefit everyone but are difficult to charge for individually (e.g., national defence) ✓ information asymmetries = when one party has more information than the other (e.g., used car sales) ✓ monopolies = when a single seller dominates a market → leads to higher prices and less innovation How do policymakers often intervene in markets? ✓ regulations ✓ taxes and subsidies ✓ direct provision of goods and services → understanding market failures is crucial for addressing major societal challenges like climate change and healthcare provision 8 cue = action or event that is a signal for sb to do sth; a few words or an action in a play that is a signal for another actor to do sth China, Empire of the Middle = China's traditional name, Zhongguo (中國), meaning "Middle Kingdom," reflecting its historical self-perception as the centre of civilization, bridging the divine (Heaven) and the earthly world, a concept that evolved from referring to the central plains to the entire unified empire, influencing its worldview and cultural significance frugality = using only as much money or food as is necessary 7 a privatisation process of national assets they have made (OR kept) their own elite You should detect when they are receiving experiencing new feelings If I would start started some popular advert If the political situation would be were another different Not so much many people are interested ]]> alumni /ə'ləm,nai/ determine /dɪˈtə:mɪn/ alien /ˈeɪljən/ elite /ə'li:t/ 20260116 09:45-10:45 MSK | 10:45-11:45 SAMT 1.5 2500 active Understanding the differences between low context and high context cultures By the end of this session you will have studied Leadership Speaker Erin Meyer: Low Context vs. High Context Societies https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9oYfhTC9lIQ Watch the video. → are the statements below true or false? zoom_meeting.png Zoom meeting details Profi.ru - D.Potter Zoom Meeting (recurring) Meeting ID: 765 1187 4648 Password: pFGjq3 https://us04web.zoom.us/j/76511874648?pwd=pqq81L5Zbdw6lT8hToYVMKUIJsisYn.1 ]]> Cross-cultural communication 6 1 Lead in Understanding the differences between low context and high context cultures active edit_ol_qa prep_ol_qa pix/icons8-cafe-100_white.png visual aid
Erin Meyer is a professor at INSEAD, where she directs the executive education programme Leading Across Borders and Cultures. She is also the co-author (with Reed Hastings) of No Rules Rules: Netflix and the Culture of Reinvention (Penguin, 2020). Watch the video to find out why. video Leadership Speaker Erin Meyer: Low Context vs. High Context Societies https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9oYfhTC9lIQ Are the statements below true or false?]]> erin_meyer_low_context_vs_high_context_societies_9oYfhTC9lIQ.mp4 Audio transcript in a low context society while we are communicating we assume that we have a low level of shared context what does that mean it means that we don't have the same reference points or the same body of knowledge or relationships that we have a low level of shared context so in a low context society we believe that good effective professional communication is a communication that's very explicit it's very simple and very clear in a low conduct society we're trained that if I want you to understand blue then I have to say blue literally we're trained in a low context culture that if I give a presentation I should tell you what I'm going to tell you and then I should tell you and then I should tell you what I've told you why do I tell you the same thing three times because we're focused overall on making sure that the message was passed simply and clearly in a high context society while we're communicating we assume or consider that we have a larger body of shared context that we have the same reference points body of knowledge information and because we assume all of this shared context in a high context society we believe good effective communication is a communication that's more implicit or layered or nuanced I had a German individual who said to me you know Aaron in Germany at the end of a meeting we almost always do a recap first we do a verbal recap and then we do a written recap that's low context right clarification clarification clarification he said now that I've been working frequently with the French I often find that at the end of a meeting I'll get ready to do a recap and my French colleagues will just stand up and someone will say eh voila there it is and I'll think to myself but voila what and then I'll be very surprised to see that it just seems that people know what's been sited that they know what's supposed to happen next without going through all of those levels of clarification that I'm so used to in my own culture I had a second example I was doing some work a while ago in Istanbul and I had a Turkish client who was telling me about all of these issues that he was having with his new American boss and I said when your boss was here did you tell him what you're telling me now and he said well you know Aaron I made it known so that he could see it if he wanted to see it and I thought to myself he probably didn't see it right I'll give you a third example from China I was giving a presentation at a conference in China last year and all the people in the room worked for the same multinational American company before I worked within the Chairman who was this American from New York City gave a presentation that went very well and then he left afterwards when I was working with the group we were talking about this and I had the Chinese human resource director raise his hand and he said you know Aaron this concept is very interesting to me because the whole time the chairman was talking I was trying to make sure that I was listening with all of my senses that I was picking up all of the levels of meaning that he might be trying to pass now that I look at this I'm asking myself the question is it possible that there was no meaning beyond that you know first those simple words that he was saying and I thought to myself that that chairman would have been really surprised to note think that anyone was trying to understand his message beyond the first degree When you give a presentation in a low context culture you should tell people what you're going to tell them, then you should tell them, and then you should tell them what you've told them. ✓ true → you tell the same thing three times because you are focused overall on making sure that the message was passed simply and clearly In a low context culture you are focused overall on making sure that the message was passed simply and clearly because while you are communicating you assume you have a large body of shared context. 〆false → you assume you haven't got a large body of shared context In a high context society people believe good effective communication is more explicit. 〆false → it is more implicit Germany has low context culture because (for example) at the end of a meeting they almost always do a recap first, then do a verbal recap, and then do a written recap. ✓ true → low context clarification 〆excessive clarification may put people off = reminiscent of condescending approach → treating audience in a childish manner In Istanbul, a Turkish client had problems with his new American boss, so he made it known so that his boss could see it if he wanted to see it. His American boss probably got the message. 〆false → the American boss is probably not used to reading implicit, high context clues 5 3 Avoiding communication breakdown active edit_ol_qa prep_ol_qa pix/icons8-cafe-100_white.png visual aid ]]> I hear what you say. ✓ I'm afraid I can't agree & would rather not continue this discussion. With the greatest respect | With all due respect. ✓ It doesn't seem to be a very reasonable | sensible idea. That's not bad. ✓ Thumbs up! That is a very brave proposal. ✓ It doesn't sound like a good idea at all. Quite good. ✓ (Perhaps) you should try harder. I would suggest ✓ Please do so, unless you can provide a better solution. Oh, incidentally / By the way ✓ What is important is that... (cleft sentence) I was a bit disappointed that ✓ I'm sorry to say I'm annoyed with... Very interesting. ✓ I don't think it makes sense. ✓ I think you've lost me. I'll bear it in mind. ✓ We probably needn't spend too much time on that. I'm sure it's my fault. ✓ A mistake has been made. ✓ There's a mistake in your solution. ✓ It seems you have omitted some important facts. ! might be a polite way to avoid your interlocutor losing face You must come for dinner. ✓ It's been a pleasure to meet you. I almost agree. ✓ Let's agree to disagree (on that one). I only have a few minor comments. ✓ You'll probably need to rewrite after reading my comments. Could we consider some other options? ✓ I don't think we should stop at that - we must do better. ✓ We should find some alternatives. Cross-cultural communication 4 3 pix/icons8-collaboration-100_white.png High context and low context countries active 3 xml_multi_dd_row Are the following countries more high context or low context? 20 16 left 1;2;3;4;5 6;7;8;9 10;11;12;13;14;15;16 17;18;19;20;21;22;23 USA Canada Australia Netherlands Germany Poland Finland Denmark UK Argentina Brazil Spain Italy France Russia Singapore Kenya India Iran Saudi Arabia China Korea Japan visual aid ]]> 3 4 Communication breakdown How to avoid and/or mitigate communication breakdowns using the low context and high context culture approaches active pix/icons8-microscope-100_white.png edit_2columns_2qa prep_2columns_2qa edit_1qa How can you use the high context vs low context approach to cultures to avoid a communication breakdown? Explain what went wrong on both sides. Díaz was quite certain Mr Chen had said he was coming. Mr Chen was quite certain he had communicated that he absolutely could not come because he was going to be celebrating his daughter’s birthday with his family. Suggest how the manager could have avoided this misunderstanding. 〆after 15 years in China, Mr Diaz should have taken for granted that using only a low context approach is not the best solution → as a senior manager, Mr Diaz should be held responsible for communicating with his staff members ✓ need to paraphrase to avoid a closed question such as 'Can you join us on Sunday?' e.g. ask about Mr Chen's plans, describe what needs to be done more thoroughly with the client e.g. should explain that since Mr Chen is a specialist in this area, he really has to be present... = provide the big picture → don't put Chinese (and more generally Asian) employees in a situation where they can't say no 2 hide hidden They have no any emotional components He gave him this possibility for him to see and listen hear | understand ]]> explicit /ɪksˈplɪsɪt/ component /kəmˈpəunənt/ 20260112 09:45-10:45 MSK | 10:45-11:45 SAMT 1.5 2500 lc Kvass By the end of this session you will have studied Leadership Speaker Erin Meyer: Low Context vs. High Context Societies https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9oYfhTC9lIQ Watch the video. → are the statements below true or false? zoom_meeting.png Zoom meeting details Profi.ru - D.Potter Zoom Meeting (recurring) Meeting ID: 765 1187 4648 Password: pFGjq3 https://us04web.zoom.us/j/76511874648?pwd=pqq81L5Zbdw6lT8hToYVMKUIJsisYn.1 ]]> 1